-This study evaluated the proximate components, concentration of total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the Cumari chili pepper from Pará, Brazil (Capsicum chinense Jacqui) both fresh and after subjected to three different drying temperatures. The results showed that the contents of ash and vitamin C for the dried pepper differed significantly (P <0.05) compared with the fresh pepper. There was a significant difference in concentrations of total phenolics, antioxidant activity and capsaicinoids between the fresh pepper and those submitted to the drying treatments. It was concluded that higher temperatures increase shelf life and decrease the volume of the product, preserve macronutrients and degrade micronutrients, antioxidants and the spicy hotness of the Cumari pepper.

A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to determine and model the drying kinetics of 'Cabacinha' pepper fruits at different temperatures of the drying air, as well as obtain the thermodynamic properties involved in the drying process of the product. Drying was carried out under controlled conductions of temperature (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C) using three samples of 130 g of fruit, which were weighed periodically until constant mass. The experimental data were adjusted to different mathematical models often used in the representation of fruit drying. Effective diffusion coefficients, calculated from the mathematical model of liquid diffusion, were used to obtain activation energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data of drying of 'Cabacinha' pepper fruits. The increase in drying temperature promoted an increase in water removal rate, effective diffusion coefficient and Gibbs free energy, besides a reduction in fruit drying time and in the values of entropy and enthalpy. The activation energy for the drying of pepper fruits was 36.09 kJ mol -1 .Cinética e propriedades termodinâmicas relacionadas à secagem dos frutos de pimenta Cabacinha R E S U M O Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, determinar e modelar a cinética de secagem dos frutos de pimenta Cabacinha para diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem, bem como obter as propriedades termodinâmicas envolvidas no processo de secagem do produto. A secagem foi realizada em condições controladas de temperatura (60, 70, 80, 90 e 100 °C) utilizandose três amostras de 130 g de frutos, as quais foram pesadas periodicamente até atingirem massa constante. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados a diferentes modelos matemáticos frequentemente utilizados na representação da secagem de frutos. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo, calculado a partir do modelo matemático da difusão líquida, foi utilizado para obtenção da energia de ativação, entalpia, entropia e energia livre de Gibbs. O modelo de Midilli foi o que apresentou os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais da secagem dos frutos de pimenta Cabacinha. A elevação da temperatura de secagem promoveu: o aumento nos valores da taxa de remoção de água dos frutos, do coeficiente de difusão efetivo e da energia livre de Gibbs além de redução no tempo de secagem dos frutos, nos valores da entalpia e a entropia. A energia de ativação para a secagem dos frutos de pimenta foi de 36,09 kJ mol -1 .

Boldo leaves are used as medicinal plants by the Brazilian population. Among several factors that contribute to the proper storage of this product, we highlight the drying process, which is fundamental to reduce its moisture content, aiming to maintain phytotherapic characteristics. Different works involving the drying of leaves were carried out in the last years. However, there is not much information related to the drying process related to boldo leaves. This work evaluates drying kinetics at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60 °C, as well as determines thermodynamic properties: enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. Forced air circulation ovens were used for thin layer drying of leaves. The leaves, uniformly cut rectangular, were weighed periodically until hygroscopic equilibrium. Several mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data to characterize the drying processes, using the following statistical criteria: coefficient of determination (R²), mean standard error (SE), chi-square (χ²), and residue distribution. According to the criteria used, Modified Henderson and Pabis was the model that best represented the drying kinetics of boldo leaves. The activation energy for the drying of boldo leaves was 17.969 kJ mol-1. Both enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing drying air temperature, while Gibbs free energy increased.

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Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a versatile plant that can be consumed as a food and has therapeutic applications. Studying its drying process is important to maintain their leaf quality during storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying kinetics of bitter melon leaves and determine their thermodynamic properties. The leaves were placed in polyethylene trays and subjected to drying in an oven at temperatures of 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C until reaching hygroscopic equilibrium. The experimental data were fitted to several non-linear regression models to characterize the drying process. The Arrhenius model was used to obtain the coefficients of diffusion and the activation energy, which were used to calculate the enthalpy, entropy, and the Gibbs free energy. Midilli and Page were the best models to represent the drying kinetics of bitter melon leaves at temperatures of 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C. Increases in the drying air temperature increased the Gibbs free energy and water diffusivity in the interior of the leaves. Enthalpy and entropy decreased as the temperature was increased.

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