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This paper aimed to study the permeability to air and liquid, in the longitudinal direction of "amapá" wood (Brosimum parinarioides Ducke), originating from the Amazon Forest. Furthermore, the influence of anatomical and chemical characteristics in the permeability of the wood was investigated. For this study, samples were collected from three trees, in the state of Pará, Brazil, and submitted to permeability test, anatomical characterization, and chemical analyses. The permeability to the air of the "amapá" wood was estimated at 63.

RESUMO-A 2,4-tiazolidinadiona (TZD) e seus derivados constituem um importante grupo farmacofórico no combate de doenças como a diabete tipo melitus. Devido a aplicabilidade desses compostos é de suma importância aprimorar o processo de síntese. A utilização de microrreatores de fluxo contínuo surge como opção para melhorar as condições operacionais, já que proporciona a substancial redução de resíduos, aumentam a qualidade na transferência de massa e de calor, o que acarreta em um processo facilmente controlável permitindo maior rendimento e seletividade. Foi estudada a influência da temperatura (78, 98, 120 e 140°C) no rendimento do produto obtido da reação entre TZD com os aldeídos arílicos: benzaldeído, 4-hidroxibenzaldeído, 4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzaldeído, 4-nitrobenzalaldeído e 4-metoxibenzaldeído, utilizando etanol como solvente e piperidina como catalisador. O produto obtido em cada reação foi posteriormente purificado por cristalização e recristalização com etanol. A quantificação da TZD, aldeídos e produtos formados foi realizada por HPLC-UV. Determinou-se que o rendimento do produto cresce com o tempo espacial e temperatura no microrreator e obteve-se um rendimento máximo de 70,9%, para o derivado da TZD com 4-metoxibenzaldeído e tempo espacial 20 min. Constatou-se um aumento de 10 vezes no rendimento do derivado com 4-nitrobenzaldeído com o aumento da temperatura de 78 para 140°C, que chegou a 35,8% para tempo espacial 20min.

Mechanical properties studies of wood usually involve destructive wood assessments, with time-consuming tests that use large amounts of resource (wood). Although this is not a limiting factor, it could be attenuated by the use of a nondestructive technique known as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This technique has been applied to evaluate compounds containing C-H, N-H, S-H or O-H bonds, and involves quick analyses and can be applied to process control tasks. The objective of this work is to use the NIRS technique to obtain calibrations for mechanical properties of Eucalyptus sp. wood. A natural E. urophylla hybrid at age 7 was used as obtained from V&M Florestal crops. Spectra were measured directly in solid wood (radial, tangential and transverse faces) and in ground wood, in diffuse reflectance mode, using a Bruker spectrometer in the 800 to 1,500 nm range. The NIRS technique proved suitable to estimate modulus of elasticity in solid wood, with values r=0.91 and RPD=2.6, and in ground wood, with values r=0.87 and RPD=2.0. Modulus of rupture and compressive strength presented r values below 0.9. First and second derivative pretreatments provided a slight increase in correlation values for the properties in question. Calibrations for different plank faces did not present a defined variation pattern. Solid wood and ground wood presented similar correlation values for all properties.Key words: NIRS, Eucalyptus, characteristics. ESTIMATIVA DE PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus urophylla USANDO A ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO PRÓXIMO RESUMO: O estudo das propriedades mecânicas da madeira comumente é realizado por meio de uma avaliação destrutiva na madeira demandando um extenso tempo para realização dos testes e com grande uso de recursos (madeira). Esse fator, embora não seja limitante para a realização dos ensaios poderia ser amenizado com o uso de uma técnica não-destrutiva como a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS). Essa técnica vem sendo aplicada na avaliação de compostos que contenham ligações C-H, N-H, S-H ou O-H, apresenta rapidez nas análises e pode ser aplicada no controle de processos. O objetivo, neste trabalho, foi utilizar a técnica NIRS para obter calibrações para as propriedades mecânicas da madeira de Eucalyptus sp. Foi utilizado um

RESUMOO estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Gurupi, Estado do Tocantins, com o objetivo de quantificar a produção de resíduos gerados por indústrias do setor madeireiro. Foram selecionadas empresas do setor moveleiro de grande, médio e pequeno porte, além de manufaturadoras de esquadrias. O porte das empresas foi determinado pelo número de funcionários. Foram realizadas medições diretas de comprimento, largura e espessura das peças, sendo consideradas aparas, fragmentos menores que 10 cm de largura, e recortes, fragmentos maiores que 10 cm de largura, e a serragem e pó de serra foram medidos em caixa de volume conhecido. Em um mês de produção, a fábrica de esquadrias produziu um total de 32,23 m 3 de resíduos, já a empresa de grande porte produziu 15,44 m 3 , a empresa de médio porte, 10,95 m 3 e a empresa pequena, 8,68 m 3 .Palavras-chave: setor madeireiro, industrialização, resíduo. Quantification of Waste Produced in the Gurupi, TO Lumber Industry ABSTRACTThe study was conducted in the city of Gurupi, Tocantins State, in order to quantify the waste generated by industries in the lumber sector. Large, medium and small companies of the furniture and frames industry of were selected. The company size was determined by the number of employees from each company. Direct measurements of the length, width and thickness of the pieces were performed. Chips, fragments smaller than 10 cm wide, and cutouts fragments larger than 10 cm width were considered for measurements and sawdust was measured with aid of a box of known volume. Within one month, the company fabricating frames produced a total of 32.23 m 3 of waste, while the large company produced 15.44 m 3 , the medium-size company produced 10.95 m 3 , and the small company produced 8.68 m 3 of waste.

Brazil, a major meat producer and exporter, has the largest commercial herd in the world with about 215 million heads, as Pará is in the 4th position in number of cattle in the country, with 22 million heads. In the country 80% of the farms are beef cattle, having reared in all Brazilian municipalities, mostly calf production, many producers do not have the records of information on the cost of production and the viability of the business, sensitivity analysis and important instrument, and of total importance because it helps to know the results, profitability for decision making. Thus, this objective was to make a sensitivity analysis, for this we made a case study, where zootechnical indexes were raised, the support of the property and made a projection of the herd, during the period of 10 years, to find the revenue and verified the expenses both fixed as the variable, and also investments in the infrastructure to find the expenses of the property in the period, the economic indexes were found and sensitivity analysis was made, in a rural property in Santa Maria das Barreiras, in the State of Pará. Concluding that project is robust and feasible, with attention to expected profitability.The creation of beef cattle and an activity that is present in almost all Brazilian municipalities, being commonly used in cattle farming the production of calves, or fattening, or even producers that can produce the complete cycle of production, creates, recreates and fattening, always seeking the highest profitability, with Diogo Claudio da Silva et al.

There is a lack of techniques for the rapid and accurate determination of wood quality for charcoal production with good energy characteristics. The association of NIR spectroscopy and important charcoal parameters allows the prediction of these characteristics. This is a fast method that does not require sample preparation before the reading. The spectral readings were performed with solid and ground samples, and presented the second best representation of the evaluated parameters. Data went was adjusted to correct for variations that could occur during the spectra reading. The treatment with the best results was the normal transformation of variation. The evaluated spectra were able to explain 77% of the data for the variable gravimetric yield, 88% for volatile materials content and 86% for fixed carbon content.

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