Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar o estoque de biomassa e de nutrientes em um povoamento do híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, aos 4,5 anos de idade, para isso, foram instaladas aleatoriamente quatro parcelas com dimensões de 21,0 m x 27,5 m. A partir da distribuição diamétrica do povoamento foram determinadas quatro classes de diâmetro e em cada classe foram amostradas três árvores (limite inferior, central e limite superior). Para estimar a biomassa das raízes a coleta foi realizada na área útil das árvores do limite central de cada classe. Após a amostragem e a identificação de cada componente da biomassa, estas foram encaminhadas para o laboratório, onde foram secas, pesadas, moídas e analisadas quimicamente. Os resultados encontrados a partir das análises foram: para a estimativa de biomassa total: 75 Mg ha -1 , com a seguinte proporção: madeira (61,2%), raiz (15,4%), galhos (10,2%), casca (7,7%) e folhas (5,5%). Salientase que a biomassa se encontra predominantemente alocada no fuste (68,9%). Cabe ressaltar que, em média, o acúmulo de nutrientes foi maior na madeira, seguido pelas folhas, raízes, galhos e cascas, apresentando a seguinte magnitude: Ca > K > N > Mg > S > P, com a maior quantidade de Ca alocada no fuste. A partir disso, entende-se que o estoque de nutrientes na biomassa foi elevado em relação ao solo de baixa fertilidade natural.Palavras -chave: Ciclagem de nutrientes; Nutrição florestal; Matéria orgânica. Stock of biomass and nutrient in a stand of hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis in Pampa Biome -RSAbstract: This study aimed to estimate the stock of biomass and nutrients in a hybrid stand of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, with 4.5 years old. In order to estimate the biomass, four plots with dimensions of 21.0 m x 27.5 m were randomly allocated. From the diameter distribution of the stand were determined four diameter classes and in each class were sampled three trees (lower, middle and top limits). To estimate the roots biomass, the collection was held in the useful area of the trees of the central limit of each class. After sampling and identification of each biomass component, they were sent to the laboratory where they were dried, weighed, ground and carried the chemical analysis. The estimated total biomass was 75 Mg ha -1 with the following proportions: wood (61.2%), root (15.4%), branches (10.2%), bark (7.7%) and leaves (5.5%). The biomass is predominantly allocated to the stem (68.9%). On average, the accumulation of nutrients was higher in the wood, followed by the leaves, roots, branches and bark. The accumulation of nutrients presented the following scale: Ca > K > N > Mg > S > P, with the higher amount of Ca allocated to the stem. The stock of nutrients in the biomass was high in relation to the low fertility soil.

Introdução:A síndrome da secreção inapropriada do hormônio antidiurético (SIADH) consiste na incapacidade de supressão do hormônio antidiurético (ADH), comprometendo os mecanismos de excreção da água e concentração urinária. Possui como manifestações a hiponatremia e seus sintomas, sobretudo neurológicos. Há variadas causas que desencadeiam tal distúrbio, a se destacarem: distúrbios do sistema nervoso central, neoplasias malignas e drogas, dentre outros. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina, 65 anos, hipertensa, apresentando manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais correspondentes à hiponatremia. O fato ocorreu em duas ocasiões em vigência de medicação fitoterápica para tratamento de osteoartrite. Discussão: A hiponatremia relacionada às drogas pode ser provocada pelo efeito direto do medicamento ou por desencadear SIADH. As manifestações clínicas apresentadas poderiam ter sido atribuídas a um quadro psiquiátri-co, o que poderia ter desfecho grave, caso não diagnosticada corretamente. A associação de um fitoterápico à SIADH pôde ser confirmada após novo episódio de hiponatremia relacionado à reintrodução do Harpagophytum procumbers. Nossa revisão da literatura não encontrou este fitoterápico associado à SIADH, até o momento. Conclusão: SIADH pode ser ocasionada por medicamento fitoterápico doravante descrita sua associação na literatura.

This paper aimed to test and adjust allometric models to estimate biomass in a Deciduous Forest. The data were obtained from seven 12 x 12 m plots, from which 91 trees were cut down. Only trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 5 cm were measured, and the fitting of the models was performed based on the DBH, total height (H) and total dry biomass (DAB) for each individual tree. The adjusted equations with no stratification presented adjusted determination coefficients (R 2 aj) ranging from 0.726 to 0.972 and standard errors in percentage (Syx%) from 33.5 to 119.6. The best adjusted model for nonstratified dataset was obtained by the Stepwise procedure, leading to the equation: DAB = β0 + β1.(DBH 3) + β2.H + β3.(DBH 3 .H), with 0.954 of R 2 aj and 44.0 of Syx%. For stratified dataset, only the diameter class higher than 15 cm presented acceptable results, with 0.968 of R 2 aj and 26.5 of Syx%. The current database has shown good quality measurements for fitting stochastic models to estimate the biomass of each tree.

RESUMO ABSTRACTO presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar métodos de quantificação de carbono em bracatinga. Foi determinada a biomassa fresca do fuste, galhos, folhas e raízes de 30 árvores provenientes do município de General Carneiro, estado do Paraná, e convertida em seca após análises em laboratório. Os teores de carbono (TC) foram determinados no equipamento LECO C-144, ao passo que os estoques individuais de carbono foram obtidos pela multiplicação das biomassas secas pelos respectivos TC. Foram calculados os fatores de expansão de biomassa (FEB) e a razão de raízes (R). Os métodos de estimativa de carbono analisados foram: biomassa do fuste (bf) combinada com FEB, R e teor médio de carbono (TCméd); bf combinada com FEB, R e teor ponderado de carbono (TCpond); e equações alométricas de simples, dupla e tripla entradas. Obteve-se os valores médios de FEB = 1,59 e R = 0,15, indicando que 59% da biomassa aérea correspondem à copa e 15% da biomassa total são provenientes das raízes. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as médias das metodologias de estimativas de carbono. A equação alométrica 3, que utilizou as variáveis dap, altura total e densidade, foi a que apresentou o melhor desempenho, porém, a equação 1, com apenas o dap como variável independente, propiciou resultados semelhantes. De acordo com as estatísticas adicionais, concluiu-se que as equações propiciaram os melhores indicadores; seguidas pelas metodologias que empregam os teores de carbono ponderado e carbono médio.This study aimed to compare methods for quantifying carbon in bracatinga. Fresh biomass was determined for stem, branches, leaves, and roots of 30 trees from General Carneiro, Paraná State, and converted to dried after laboratory analysis. Carbon contents (TC) were determined in LECO C-144 equipment, while the individual carbon stocks were obtained by multiplying the dry biomass by respective TC. Biomass expansion factor (FEB) and rootto-shoot ratio (R) were calculated. Carbon estimation methods were analyzed: stem biomass (bf) with FEB, R, and mean carbon content (TCméd); bf with FEB, R, and carbon weighted content (TCpond); and allometric equations of single, double, and triple entries. Difference between methods was analyzed by analysis of variance and additional statistics. Mean values of FEB = 1.59 and R = 0.15 were obtained, indicating 59% of the biomass corresponding to canopy, and 15% of the total biomass are roots. There was nonsignificance difference between carbon estimates methodologies. Allometric equation 3, which used the variables dap, total height, and density, showed the best performance, however, equation 1, with only dap as an independent variable, showed similar results. According to the additional statistics, we conclude the equations have provided best indicators, followed by the methods weighted carbon, and mean carbon contents.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Equação alométrica, Fator de expansão de biomassa, Razão de raízes.

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Mixed planting when well managed can be more efficient in the production of biomass and in the use of available resources, thus increasing the profits of planting. The objectives of this research were to quantify the biomass of a mixed plantation of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii, by the direct method and to verify the allocation of biomass between the components and the production of biomass per unit area of the mixed plantation and of the two species studied. From the forest census carried out in the mixed planting of 43.5 ha, at 16 years of age, the diametric distribution of the population was generated. Based on the diametric classes, 60 trees were randomly sampled by the direct method, 30 trees for each species. Then, the aerial biomass production in the different components of the tree for both species was evaluated and compared. Mixed planting produced 171.5 t ha-1 of biomass; the shaft represented more than 60% of the biomass. The biomass production in Pinus taeda was superior to Pinus elliottii. The biomass of branches, in turn, was significantly different between species. The stratified tree technique revealed that biomass production in the stand was lower than the biomass obtained by the direct method. In this technique, the biomass (t ha-1) was superior to Pinus elliottii, due to the frequency of individuals in the forest census being higher in the central diameter class, and the species having a larger number of individuals in the stand.

The use of new tools as the technical criterion of interception of the curves of average daily increment and current daily are useful for indicating the optimal period of permanence of the plants in the protected environment. The objective of this study was to determine the length of stay of the Cordia americana (Linnaeus) Gottshling & JE Mill seedlings in protected environment based on the morphological parameters height, base diameter and total dry mass of the seedlings and in the intercept between daily increment curves and increment daily average.  The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with subdivided plots with a 2 x 2 factorial scheme. The criteria were defined based on the growth curves and intercept between curves of daily increment and average daily increment. The volume of substrate that could be explored by the root system and the density of seedlings per tray influenced the growth, in general larger seedlings were obtained in larger tubes. The period of stay of the seedlings in the nursery varies from 150 to 250 days depending on the treatment used using the dry mass as a quality parameter. The technical criterion used to intercept the curves of daily increment and average daily increment is useful in decision making, with a view to the evaluation of the quality standard of the seedlings.

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