Current evidence suggests that periodontal disease may be associated with systemic diseases. This paper reviewed the published data about the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, diabetes and respiratory diseases, focusing on studies conducted in the Brazilian population. Only a few studies were found in the literature focusing on Brazilians (3 concerning cardiovascular disease, 7 about pregnancy outcomes, 9 about diabetes and one regarding pneumonia). Although the majority of them observed an association between periodontitis and systemic conditions, a causal relationship still needs to be demonstrated. Further studies, particularly interventional well-designed investigations, with larger sample sizes, need to be conducted in Brazilian populations.

Regarding the ability of the two OCT systems to visualize periodontal structures, the system operating at 1,325 nm shows a better performance, owing to a longer central wavelength that allows deeper tissue penetration. The results with the system at 930 nm can also be used, but some features could not be observed due to its lower penetration depth in the tissue.

Objective Using a mouse osteoporotic model, this study aimed to determine the influence of hydrophilic titanium surfaces on gene expression and bone formation during the osseointegration process. Background Based on the previous evidence, it is plausible to assume that osteoporotic bone has a different potential of bone healing. Therefore, implant surface modification study that aims at enhancing bone formation to further improve short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes in osteoporosis is necessary. Material and Methods Fifty female, 3‐month‐old mice were included in this study. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX, test group) in 25 mice. The further 25 mice had ovaries exposed but not removed (SHAM, control group). Seven weeks following the ovariectomy procedures, one customized implant (0.7 × 8 mm) of each surface was placed in each femur for both groups. Implants had either a hydrophobic surface (SAE) or a hydrophilic treatment surface (SAE‐HD). Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content was measured by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) after 7 days. The femurs were analyzed for bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone volume fraction (BV) by nano‐computed tomography (nano‐CT) after 14 and 28 days. Same specimens were further submitted to histological analysis. Additionally, after 3 and 7 days, implants were removed and cells were collected around the implant to access gene expression profile of key osteogenic (Runx2, Alp, Sp7, Bsp, Sost, Ocn) and inflammatory genes (IL‐1β, IL‐10, Tnf‐α, and Nos2) by qRT‐PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and paired t test with significance at P < .05. Results The amount of Ca and P deposited on the surface due to the mineralization process was higher for SAE‐HD compared to SAE on the intra‐group analysis. Nano‐CT and histology revealed more BV and BIC for SAE‐HD in SHAM and OVX groups compared to SAE. Analysis in OVX group showed that most genes (ie, ALP, Runx2) involved in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling were significantly activated in the hydrophilic treatment. Conclusion Both surfaces were able to modulate bone responses toward osteoblast differentiation. SAE‐HD presented a faster response in terms of bone formation and osteogenic gene expression compared to SAE. Hydrophilic surface in situations of osteoporosis seems to provide additional benefits in the early stages of osseointegration.

Impacto do número de dentes presentes no desempenho de atividades diárias: estudo pilotoImpact of the existing tooth number on daily performance: pilot study

Čimbenici koji utječu na prisutnost papile između susjednih implantata i između zuba i implantataUvod U dentalnoj medicini povećani estetski zahtjevi traže kao ideal konture mekoga tkiva s intaktnim papilama i simetričnim obrisom gingive (1). U idealnom slučaju uspješne implantoprotetičke restauracije izgledaju što je moguće sličnije prirodnim zubima (2). Boja, tekstura, visina i debljina periimplantatnog mekog tkiva najvažniji su u postizanju rezultata s restauracijama na implantatima (3).Uspješna oseointegracija implantata ne jamči zadovoljstvo pacijenata. Za njihovu percepciju uspješne restauracije presudno je zdravlje mekoga tkiva (4). Danas je kod pacijenata koji dolaze radi terapije sve veći naglasak na estetici osmijeha. Prisutnost ili odsutnost interproksimalne papile između susjednih zuba, između zuba i implantata ili između dvaju implantata snažno utječu na estetski ishod, što zahtijeva visoku razinu vještine i stručnog znanja kliničara kako bi očuvao papile u sklopu implantoprotetičke terapije (5 ).Papila je interproksimalni produžetak gingive, a njezina arhitektura povezana je sa stanjem kontaktne točke između Abstract Aim: The aim this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla between implants adjacent to the teeth or other implants, through clinical and radiographic evaluation. Material and Methods: The non-probabilistic sample comprised 44 patients of both genders aged between 21 and 68 years, rehabilitated with 114 osseointegrated implants. Through a retrospective clinical study, the patients were divided according to the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla: Group 1 -Absence of Papilla, Group 2 -Partial Presence of Papilla and Group 3 -Total Presence of Papilla. The success of the implants, the periodontal biotype, and the vertical and horizontal distances of the interproximal regions included in the study were evaluated. Results: Of the 114 implants, 46.5% were considered unsuccessful, and bleeding was present in 29.8%. The periodontal biotype presented as thin and scalloped was found in 85.1% of the regions. The evaluation of the groups according to the confirmation of the interproximal space showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.007), with 61.9% of the wide and long interproximal spaces classified as Group 1, while 31% of the narrow and short interproximal spaces were classified as Group 3. Conclusion: It was concluded that the morphology of the interproximal space was the factor that was most strongly associated with the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla.

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (variants FOKI [rs2228570], CDX2 [rs47908762], and GATA [rs4516035]) in the vitamin D receptor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM2 + CP), CP alone, and healthy individuals, and to investigate the relationship with susceptibility to CP. Methods In total, 280 individuals (116 with DM2 + CP, 95 with CP alone, and 69 healthy individuals) were genotyped using real‐time polymerase chain reaction with allele‐specific probes. Significant differences (P < .05) were found among the groups with regard to socio‐epidemiological variables (sex, marital status, income, smoking habit, and schooling) and clinical‐epidemiological variables (age, number of teeth, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding index, and visible plaque index). Results The C allele was significantly more frequent among the healthy individuals (34.8%) than those with DM2 + CP (23.5%) (odds ratio [OR] = .58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: . 35‐.94, P = .022). Likewise, the CC allele was significantly more frequent among healthy individuals (11.6%) than those with DM2 + CP (2.6%) (OR = .17, 95% CI: .03‐.79, P = .015). Conclusion The results suggest that the presence of these variants could lead to a lower susceptibility to DM2 and CP. No other significant differences among groups were found for the other SNP investigated.

Higher dental anxiety levels were found among caregivers with a higher level of trait anxiety, independently of the type of patient to which care was given.

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