Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (FOKI,CDX2, and GATA) and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in diabetic and non‐diabetic individuals: A case‐control study

Abstract

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (variants FOKI [rs2228570], CDX2 [rs47908762], and GATA [rs4516035]) in the vitamin D receptor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM2 + CP), CP alone, and healthy individuals, and to investigate the relationship with susceptibility to CP. Methods In total, 280 individuals (116 with DM2 + CP, 95 with CP alone, and 69 healthy individuals) were genotyped using real‐time polymerase chain reaction with allele‐specific probes. Significant differences (P < .05) were found among the groups with regard to socio‐epidemiological variables (sex, marital status, income, smoking habit, and schooling) and clinical‐epidemiological variables (age, number of teeth, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding index, and visible plaque index). Results The C allele was significantly more frequent among the healthy individuals (34.8%) than those with DM2 + CP (23.5%) (odds ratio [OR] = .58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: . 35‐.94, P = .022). Likewise, the CC allele was significantly more frequent among healthy individuals (11.6%) than those with DM2 + CP (2.6%) (OR = .17, 95% CI: .03‐.79, P = .015). Conclusion The results suggest that the presence of these variants could lead to a lower susceptibility to DM2 and CP. No other significant differences among groups were found for the other SNP investigated.

Single nucleotide variations in the development of diabetic foot ulcer: A narrative review

“…Growing evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR) SNVs are involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, such as fracture-related infection[ 73 ], tuberculosis[ 74 ], and periodontitis[ 75 ]. In a 2017 study, Soroush et al [ 76 ] analyzed the role of VDR SNV rs2228570 in the development of DFU in an Iranian population.…”

The Two-way Street between Periodontal Diseases and Diabetes

“…Both diabetes and periodontitis are associated with inflammation and impaired immune responses (DIAS et al, 2018) [34][35][36] . Changes in biological defense markers (PINHO et al, 2018) [34][35][36] in biological markers for Vitamin D (PINHO et al, 2018) [34][35][36] , high levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6, and the marker inflammatory acute phase, reactive protein C, are consistently observed in DM2, as well as in periodontitis (LIU et al, 2016) [20] , in addition to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can interfere in the metabolic control of diabetes and act synergistically in the worsening of the diabetes (PENG et al, 2017) [30] .…”

Vitamin D Receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-regression and meta-analysis based on 47 studies

“…Meta-analysis of FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism A total of 29 case-control studies with 7260 patients and 7771 controls were included in overall analysis. Of them, 3 publications were performed in European countries [29][30][31], 17 publications were in Asian countries [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], 4 publications in African countries [49][50][51][52], and 5 publications in American countries [53][54][55][56][57]. The pooled results of overall analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between the FokI gene polymorphism and T2D under all five genotype models; dominant model (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11-1.68, P < 0.001), recessive model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.99-1.21, P = 0.06), allelic model (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.09-1.42, P < 0.001), ff vs. FF model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09-1.70, P < 0.001), and Ff vs. FF model (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09-1.66, P < 0.001) (Fig.…”