Both MMAs tested can be considered effective alternatives for bonding to sandblasted indirect resin composite after aging, as they showed similar bond performance to that of the control group. However, separate bottles of silane bonding resin showed higher MSBS values and more durable bonding for etched glass-based ceramic.

This study evaluated the effect of 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as deproteinizing agent and storage media on bond strength (BS) of two etch‐and‐rinse adhesive systems to dentin. Twenty‐eight sound extracted human third molars were divided in four groups (n = 7), according to dentin treatment (conventional etching or etching followed by 10% NaOCl application) and adhesive systems (GB—Gluma 2Bond and OS—One‐Step). After dentin treatments and adhesive application, a composite block was built‐up on dentin surface and teeth were serially sectioned to obtain bonded sticks specimens. The sticks were submitted to three aging conditions: (24H) 24 hr in water (immediate), (SH) 3 hr of NaOCl accelerated‐aging or (1Y) 1 year of water storage. Afterward, submitted to microtensile bond strength test (μTBS), failure modes and adhesive interfaces analyzes. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = .05). Dentin deproteinization before bonding significantly reduced μTBS for GB‐treated group (p < .05), regardless the aging conditions. Water storage for 1 year (1Y) and NaOCl accelerated‐aging (SH) decreased μTBS for both adhesives. Yet, the groups stored in NaOCl (SH) exhibited the lowest BS results (p < .05). Bond strength of deproteinized dentin was dependent on the adhesive system composition and NaOCl accelerated‐aging promoted decreased bond strength and further degradation than water storage for 1 year.

This study evaluated the effects of indirect restorative materials, curing conditions and time on the degree of conversion (DC) of a dual-cured resin cement using infrared spectroscopy. The resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2, 3M ESPE) was applied to the diamond surface of a horizontal attenuated-total-reflectance unit and activated using one of following conditions: self-cure, direct light exposure, light exposure through indirect restorative materials (resin nano-ceramic: Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE or feldspathic ceramic: Vita Blocks Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik). Four thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mm) of each indirect material were analyzed, and the light-activation was performed using a blue LED light. Data (n=5) were analyzed by three-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Dunnett's tests (a=5%). No significant differences in DC were observed between indirect materials of similar thickness. All groups exhibited higher DC after 10 min than after 5 min. At both times points, the self-cure group exhibited significantly lower DC than all the light exposure groups. Only when the overlying indirect restoration had a thickness of 2 mm did DC decrease significantly. The presence of a thick, indirect restoration can decrease the DC of resin cement. DC after 10 min was higher than after 5 min. The self-cure mode yielded lower DC than the light-activating one.

This study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodification on the bond strength (BS) and sealing ability (SA) of HEMA-free and multi-mode adhesives after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. Four adhesives were tested: two multi-mode (Scotchbond Universal -SU, and Prime & Bond Elect -PB) and two HEMA-free (All-Bond 3 -AB, and G-Aenial -GA). Human third molars were selected and dentin was treated with two cross-linking agents (5% glutaraldehyde and 6.5% proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract -PACs) for 10 min or kept untreated (control group) (n=6). Teeth were sectioned and prepared for BS test and SA analysis. The SA measurements were taken with the presence of smear layer (minimum permeability), EDTA treatment (maximum permeability), PACs application, adhesive application and after 6 months of water storage. BS data were analyzed by Proc Mixed and Tukey-Kramer test (α=5%). PACs application increased the BS for all adhesives tested at 24 h. However, BS decreased for SU and AB after six months. In general, multi-mode adhesives (SU and PB) did not differ from AB HEMA-free. GA presented the lowest BS values at both times of evaluation. Dentin permeability was reduced after PACs application and remained the same after 6 months, regardless adhesive application. PACs can increase the BS regardless the type of adhesive, however only for PB and GA the BS kept stable after 6-months of water storage. PACs was able to seal the dentin as the minimum permeability and also remained stable after 6 months.

This study evaluated the effect of resin coating (COA) on dentin bond strength (BS) of five resin cements (RC). Ten groups were tested, according to RC and COA combinations. RCs were applied onto prepolymerized resin discs, which were bonded to dentin surfaces. Teeth were stored in water for 24 h, subjected to 5,000 thermocycles and sectioned to obtain beams, which were tested in tension. The COA increased the BS for Panavia F2.0, RelyX Unicem, and RelyX Unicem 2, whereas no changes in BS were observed for two other RCs; Clearfil SA Cement, which showed the lowest BS among groups with COA and G-Cem, which showed the highest BS among RCs without COA. COA can increase the BS of RC depending on the type of RC.

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