AimThe present study aimed to investigate whether cognitive reserve (CR), referring here to education and premorbid intelligence (IQ), is associated with the risk for progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsA total of 51 patients with MCI and 59 patients with AD were prospectively enrolled for assessment with the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Japanese version of the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, the Japanese version of the Nelson Adult Reading Test (JART), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, age at onset and duration of illness.ResultsSPECT findings showed hypoperfusion in the posterior cingulate gyri and precunei, suggesting that the participants were in the early or mild stage of AD or MCI. Voxel-based morphometry MRI showed no statistical differences between the two groups in gray matter loss in the entorhinal and hippocampal areas; however, multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference in premorbid IQ measured with JART.ConclusionDespite the limitations of the cross-sectional design, the findings suggest that premorbid intellectual function might explain the discrepancy in clinical status between MCI and AD patients with a similar magnitude of brain pathology and comorbid medical disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 428–434.
Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that higher CR contributed to protecting against cognitive decline during the 12-month follow-up, whereas higher BR at baseline was the strongest predictor for reversion and conversion.
The authors aimed to investigate whether remitted adult and elderly major depressive disorder patients show different patterns of executive dysfunction. Executive functions of 20 euthymic major depressive disorder patients and 29 healthy comparison subjects were evaluated using the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. Relative to adult patients and healthy comparison subjects, euthymic elderly patients were more impaired in the subtest of Modified Six Elements. Since the regions most implicated in this subtest are the medial prefrontal, the anterior cingulate, and the dorsolateral prefrontal areas, the authors conclude that dysfunctions of such frontal neural networks remain unresolved even in the remission phase of late-life depression.
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