Executive Dysfunction in Remitted Late-Life Depression: Juntendo University Mood Disorder Projects (JUMP)

Baba, Kanako; Baba, Hajime; Noguchi, Iwahide; Arai, Reiko; Suzuki, Tomohiko; Mimura, Masaru; Arai, Heii

doi:10.1176/jnp.2010.22.1.70

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, each episode of depression can have adverse effects on the brain, such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and decreased neuroplasticity, which result in structural and connectivity changes, including those in the prefrontal cortex ( 65 , 66 ). These alterations in the prefrontal cortex have been associated with poorer performance on EF tests ( 67 ) and may render individuals more vulnerable to subsequent depressive episodes ( 68 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in specific executive functions manifest by severity in major depressive disorder: a comparison of antidepressant naïve inpatient, outpatient, subclinical, and healthy control groups

Malekizadeh,

Saed,

Rashtbari

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionPrevious research has highlighted the executive function (EF) deficits present in depressed patients; however, conflicting results exist regarding the impact of depression severity on the size of these deficits. This study aimed to compare deficits in EF between antidepressant naïve inpatient and outpatient depressed, a group with subclinical depression symptoms, and a healthy control group while controlling for education, sex, and age.MethodsIn cross-sectional research, 245 antidepressant naive participants (46 inpatient, 68 outpatient, 65 subclinical, and 67 healthy control individuals) were recruited by convenience sampling. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess depression. EF was measured using several neuropsychological tests, including the Stroop Color-Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the N-back Test, which assessed the components of Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating, respectively. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between the groups in EF components (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons further showed that inpatient and outpatient patients had more depressive symptoms and worse EF performance than subclinical and healthy control groups (p < 0.05).ResultsIn the analysis of EF measures, a significant difference was found among the four groups, with post-hoc tests revealing variations in specific EF components. Overall, patients with more severe depressive symptoms show more deficits in EF. Additionally, correlations between clinical characteristics and EF measures varied across patient groups, but many correlations became non-significant after adjusting for the false discovery rate (FDR).DiscussionThis study emphasizes the impact of depression severity on deficits in the EF of depressed patients and at-risk populations. Consequently, it is important to consider executive dysfunctions as an underlying vulnerability in the development and persistence of depressive disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in specific executive functions manifest by severity in major depressive disorder: a comparison of antidepressant naïve inpatient, outpatient, subclinical, and healthy control groups

Malekizadeh,

Saed,

Rashtbari

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…We excluded individuals with current or previous episodes of psychiatric disorders, including depression. However, because systematic examination for depression was not performed, people with mild depression might have participated in the study, potentially affecting the results of neuropsychological tests 50–52 . Second, participants' handedness was not systematically identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different parietal hypoperfusion on neuropsychological characteristics in mild cognitive impairment

et al. 2021

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Background In early‐stage amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), differences in the neuropsychological characteristics of each individual are subtle. We investigated differences in neuropsychological performance between aMCI patients with and without hypoperfusion in the medial parietal regions (MP). We further compared patients with hypoperfusion in the left and right lateral parietal regions. Methods We examined 165 aMCI patients (mean age: 76.8 ± 5.5 years; 87 women) who had undergone neuropsychological measurement and single‐photon emission computed tomography. We classified participants into two subgroups with and without hypoperfusion: MP hypoperfusion (+) and MP hypoperfusion (−); classification was based on Z‐scores (calculated by three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection technique) of three regions of interest in the parietal lobes (i.e. MP regions including posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus and left and right inferior parietal lobules (lateral parietal regions)). The MP hypoperfusion (−) group was classified into left lateral parietal hypoperfusion (+) and right lateral parietal hypoperfusion (+) subgroups. We performed either univariate or multivariate ancova to compare neuropsychological scores for continuous variables between groups and examined dichotomous variables using χ2 tests. Results In the overall aMCI sample, scores on logical memory delayed recall in the MP hypoperfusion (+) group were significantly lower than those in the MP hypoperfusion (−) group. Total scores on Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Test delayed recall were also marginally lower in the MP hypoperfusion (+) group than in the MP hypoperfusion (−) group. Comparisons of neuropsychological test scores between the left and right lateral parietal hypoperfusion (+) groups revealed no significant differences. Conclusions The present findings suggest that MP hypoperfusion (+) is associated with more robust memory deficits than MP hypoperfusion (−). Combining neuropsychological tests and single‐photon emission computed tomography findings may be useful for early detection of cognitive decline in aMCI.

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Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome

Rozenblatt¹

2017

Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Executive Dysfunction in Remitted Late-Life Depression: Juntendo University Mood Disorder Projects (JUMP)

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Deficits in specific executive functions manifest by severity in major depressive disorder: a comparison of antidepressant naïve inpatient, outpatient, subclinical, and healthy control groups

Deficits in specific executive functions manifest by severity in major depressive disorder: a comparison of antidepressant naïve inpatient, outpatient, subclinical, and healthy control groups

Effect of different parietal hypoperfusion on neuropsychological characteristics in mild cognitive impairment

Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome

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