INTRODUCTION:Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains an important childhood disease affecting a considerable portion of young children. ECC has been associated with inappropriate feeding patterns and excess consumption of fermentable carbohydrates. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare children affected by ECC and S-ECC and those who are caries free regarding their dietary habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty children aged 2-6 years free from any systemic disease were selected for this study. Children were recruited from those attending the outpatient clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. The children were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 children who had ECC. Group 2 consisted of 10 children presenting with S-ECC, while Group 3 included 10 children who were caries free serving as the control group. After clinical examination, the children's parents were asked to complete a standardized 3-day food diary form where they reported all the foods, beverages and snacks the child consumed over a 3-day period. Finally, a fermentable carbohydrate analysis was performed to determine the average number of exposures per day. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between the increasing severity of caries and the feeding habits of the children. The total carbohydrate scores for the caries free, ECC, and S-ECC groups were 90. 00 ± 17.71, 104.56 ± 38.33, and 161.33 ± 24.12 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in fermentable carbohydrate intake is associated with Early Childhood Caries.
INTRODUCTION:Fluoride-releasing restorative materials act as fluoride reservoirs delivering fluoride to nearby tooth structures and absorbing fluoride from surrounding or external sources. This trait is desirable in caries prevention and eradication. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare the fluoride release and recharge capability of a novel glass hybrid material (Equia Forte Fil) with and without a resin coat (Equia Forte Coat). MATERIALS AND METHODS:The sample consisted of 68 freshly exfoliated or extracted (for orthodontic purposes) sound primary molars. Standardized buccal class V cavities were prepared in all teeth and then restored with Equia Forte Fil according to manufacturer's instructions. The samples were randomly allocated into two groups (n=34). Group I [Experimental] (n=34): teeth restored with Equia Forte Fil in addition to Equia Forte Coat. Group II[Control] (n=34): teeth restored with Equia Forte Fil only. The samples were immersed in 5ml artificial saliva and fluoride release was evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days using fluorine ion-specific electrode. After 28 days, each group was further divided into 2 subgroups (n=17). Subgroup A [Experimental (n=17): treated with Enamel Pro Varnish. Subgroup B[Control](n=17): received no fluoride treatment. The amount of fluoride re-release was measured at the same time intervals. Data was analyzed using Independent t test, Repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. R Significance level was set at P≤0.05. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (P≤0.0001) in fluoride release and recharge between the 2 groups, where Group II drastically released more fluoride. Time had a significant effect on fluoride release within subgroups IA and IIA on specific days, as the amount of fluoride progressively decreased throughout the study. As for subgroups IB and IIB data was constant. CONCLUSIONS:The application of the nano-filled resin coat had a dramatic effect in reducing fluoride release and recharge capabilities of Equia Forte Fil.
OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in vitro, the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) toothpaste in comparison with a fluoridated toothpaste on remineralization of caries like lesion in the enamel of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: sixty sound primary anterior teeth were coated with nail varnish; leaving squares of 3x3 mm on facial surface uncovered. Forty teeth were divided into two groups where group (I) n=20 treated by NHA toothpaste and group (II) n=20 treated by fluoridated toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate (1450 ppm F). They were examined with Vickers Microhardness device. The remaining 20 teeth were divided into two groups (III and IV). They were sectioned longitudinally in a labiolingual direction into two equal halves, mesial half not treated (sub group IIIA) and distal half treated by NHA (sub group IIIB). Mesial half not treated (sub group IVA) and distal half treated by fluoridated toothpaste (sub group IVB). Specimens were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively with Polarized Light Microscope. RESULTS:The microhardness of teeth significantly decreased following acid exposure but increased again in both groups after exposure to toothpastes. The NHA toothpaste non-significantly increased the percent change of microhardness by 1.65 times than fluoridated toothpaste (p = 0.06). The percent differences in lesion depth between test group IIIB and its control group IIIA was -58.96 ± 9.04, whereas between test group IVB and its control IVA was -56.26 ± 17.43. There was no statistically significant difference between the two values (P=0.67). CONCLUSION: NHA and fluoridated toothpastes are equally effective as remineralizing materials for the enamel.
Background Sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish is considered the gold standard for the treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) in primary teeth. Biomimetic regeneration using Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4 (SAP) is an alternative approach for minimal invasive treatment of initial carious lesions. This study aimed to clinically assess the effect of P11-4 in conjunction with 5% NaF varnish versus 5% NaF varnish alone, on remineralization of WSLs in primary teeth. Methods Twenty-four children, aged 3 to 6 years with visible active WSLs (ICDAS II score 1–3) on primary teeth were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups. The test group was treated with Curodont™ Repair [(SAP (P11-4)] and Duraflor varnish (5%NaF), while the control group was treated with Duraflor varnish alone. Before treatment, baseline assessments were done using ICDAS II scores, Nyvad criteria for lesion activity and DIAGNOdent ™ measurements. After that the materials in both groups were applied according to the manufacture’s instructions. Patients were recalled after 3 and 6 months for lesion assessment and re-application of 5%NaF. Groups were statistically compared using Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests. Changes across time were assessed within each group using Friedman test followed by post hoc test. Results Intergroup comparison showed a decrease in the DIAGNOdent ™ readings with no significant difference at the 3 and 6 months follow up (P = 0.297 and 0.183 respectively). The study group showed a significant difference in the DIAGNOdent ™ readings between baseline and 6 months follow up (P = 0.009) while the control group showed no significant difference (P = 0.085). At 6 months follow up, in the study group (75%) of the WSL became inactive and in the control group (50%) became inactive with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.400). Regarding the ICDAS II scores no significant change was observed throughout the different time intervals where P = 0.368 and 0.368 respectively. Conclusions Self-Assembling Peptide in conjunction with 5% NaF varnish showed superior remineralization of WSLs compared to 5% NaF varnish only after 6 months follow up. Trial registration: the clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05721586 (10/02/2023)
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