INTRODUCTION:Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains an important childhood disease affecting a considerable portion of young children. ECC has been associated with inappropriate feeding patterns and excess consumption of fermentable carbohydrates. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare children affected by ECC and S-ECC and those who are caries free regarding their dietary habits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty children aged 2-6 years free from any systemic disease were selected for this study. Children were recruited from those attending the outpatient clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. The children were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 children who had ECC. Group 2 consisted of 10 children presenting with S-ECC, while Group 3 included 10 children who were caries free serving as the control group. After clinical examination, the children's parents were asked to complete a standardized 3-day food diary form where they reported all the foods, beverages and snacks the child consumed over a 3-day period. Finally, a fermentable carbohydrate analysis was performed to determine the average number of exposures per day. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between the increasing severity of caries and the feeding habits of the children. The total carbohydrate scores for the caries free, ECC, and S-ECC groups were 90. 00 ± 17.71, 104.56 ± 38.33, and 161.33 ± 24.12 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in fermentable carbohydrate intake is associated with Early Childhood Caries.
Cooling the air before entering the compressor of a gas turbine of combined cycle power plants is an effective method to boost the output power of the combined cycles in hot regions. This paper presents a comparative analysis for the effect of different air cooling technologies on increasing the output power of a combined cycle. It also presents a novel system of cooling the gas turbine inlet air using a solar-assisted absorption chiller. The effect of ambient air temperature and relative humidity on the output power is investigated and reported. The study revealed that at the design hour under the hot weather conditions, the total net power output of the plant drops from 268 MW to 226 MW at 48 °C (15.5% drop). The increase in the power output using fogging and evaporative cooling is less than that obtained with chillers since their ability to cool down the air is limited by the wet-bulb temperature. Integrating conventional and solar-assisted absorption chillers increased the net power output of the combined cycle by about 35 MW and 38 MW, respectively. Average and hourly performance during typical days have been conducted and presented. The plants without air inlet cooling system show higher carbon emissions (0.73 kg CO2/kWh) compared to the plant integrated with conventional and solar-assisted absorption chillers (0.509 kg CO2/kWh) and (0.508 kg CO2/kWh), respectively. Also, integrating a conventional absorption chiller shows the lowest capital cost and levelized electricity cost (LEC).
This paper presents the thermodynamic analyses for a double flash-binary based integrated geothermal power plant which consists of two steam turbines and one expander in the organic Rankine cycle that uses ammonia as the working fluid and a lithium extraction sub system. The main useful outputs of the plant are electricity, heat for floor heating and lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3). The aim of this study is to assess the overall system performance energetically and exergetically. Based on the results obtained from this study, the overall energy and exergy efficiencies are 58.41% and 66.63%, respectively. The present results also show that the Li 2 CO 3 is produced at the rate of 9.52 × 10 −3 kg/s. In addition, the effects of changing several important operating parameters and ambient conditions on the energy and exergy efficiencies and the performance of the subsystems are investigated.
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Cupressus sempervirens leaves extract invitro and rat model in which paracetamol was used to induce hepatic damage. The antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing activities of eight extracts were studied. Total phenolic compounds and scavenging radical effect on 2, 2diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were investigated, (the specific phenolic and flavonoid composition quantification for hydrolyzed ethyl acetate fraction pH 4 were performed by HPLC E-vanilic, Alpha-coumaric, Salicylic and Ferulic were found as the major phenols. Narengin, Hisperidin, Quercetrin and Hispertin were found as the major flavonoids. Biological experiment was carried out for thirty days. Results revealed that a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, Total bilirubin, TG, Total cholesterol, (LDLC) and nitric oxide in rats treated with paracetamol. However administration of Cupressus sempervirens in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats exhibited a significant decrease in all mentioned parameters on the other hand a significant decrease in serum total protein albumin concentration, (HDLC), Catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione reduced were observed in paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity in rats when compared with control normal group. Meanwhile Cupressus sempervirens leaves resulted in significant in all mentioned parameter and when enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue. It could be concluded that, inhibition of peroxidation, inflammation and oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant status in rat liver tissue by Cupressus sempervirens suggest the potential efficacy of Cupressus sempervirens as an addition Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic agent in treatment of liver toxicity
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