Purpose Organomineral fertilizers formulated from different organic sources have been studied for the fertilization of several crops. Filter cake is currently one of the most used sources of organic matter; however, sewage sludge also presents characteristics of agronomic interest, being one of the major environmental problems in Brazil. In this sense, the efficiency of pelletized organomineral fertilizers produced with both sources were evaluated for the development of soybean under different fertilization levels. Methods The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions. The soil was characterized as Red Eutrophic Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized block design in a 2 × 4 + 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to two sources of organic matter (sugarcane filter cake and treated sewage sludge), in four doses (50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommendation for soybean cultivation), as well as a mineral fertilization and no-fertilization treatments. The plant development was evaluated (stem diameter, plant height and chlorophylls a and b) at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. Results Organomineral fertilizers formulated from sanitized sewage sludge or sugarcane filter cake promote a higher soybean plant height in relation to mineral fertilizer, especially after the middle of the crop cycle. The level of fertilization referring to 75% of the recommended dose for soybean, when made with sanitized sewage sludge or filter cake, resulted in large stem diameter in relation to mineral fertilization. Conclusion Organomineral fertilizers based on sanitized sewage sludge or filter cake promote increases in soybean characteristics up to 90 days.
Sugarcane is one of the main alternative sources of biomass for the biofuel sector, and its large-scale production has considerable environmental impact. Organomineral fertilizers formulated with potential environmental contaminants, such as filter cake and sewage sludge, positively influence plant growth and development. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical and physical characteristics of sugarcane fertilized with pelletized organomineral fertilizers based on filter cake or sewage sludge. Eight field treatments were applied, based on three organomineral fertilizer compositions (50%, 100%, and 150%) associated with two organic matter (OM) sources (filter cake or sewage sludge), in addition to a control with 100% mineral fertilizer application, and a no-fertilization control (0%). Sugarcane attributes were evaluated during two consecutive harvests. The weights of stalks per hectare (ton ha-1), sugarcane productivity (ton ha-1), quantity of sugar per hectare (TSH, ton ha-1), and physicochemical properties of sugarcane juice (pol [%], Brix [%], purity [%], and fiber [%]) were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the attributes between OM sources or organomineral fertilization treatments and the exclusive mineral fertilization. The organomineral fertilizer application rate recommended for maximum quantitative and qualitative sugarcane in the first sugarcane harvest was between 2 and 9% above the regular recommendation for mineral fertilizer, regardless of the OM source. In the second harvest, the sewage sludge source increased total sugar and sugarcane per hectare by 4.68 and 4.19%, respectively, compared to the sugarcane filter cake source. Sewage sludge and sugarcane filter cake are viable alternatives for organomineral composition and could improve economic returns and minimize negative environmental impacts in sugarcane cultivation systems.
This study determined the changes in soil nutrients, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals during the early development stages of maize fertilized with different sources and doses. Also, this study confirmed that the used biosolid in the formulation of organomineral fertilizer makes greater efficacy than the effects promoted by mineral or filter cake organomineral fertilizers already used in agricultural. The experiment was done in a greenhouse at the Federal University of de Uberlândia - Campus Umuarama. The experimental design was randomized block design, as a 2 x 5 + 2 factorial, containing two sources of organomineral fertilizer consisting of organic residues (biosolid and filter cake), five doses of organomineral fertilizer (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of P2O5 recommendation for maize crop), a positive control with mineral fertilization (100%) and a negative one with no fertilization with four replications. The soil pH and contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium base saturation, base sum, micronutrients, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals were determined subsequently after plant removal, 65 days after sowing. The organomineral fertilizers based on biosolid and filter cake yielded increases in phosphorus, boron and manganese in the soil, especially the biosolid source. Regardless of the fertilizer organic matter source, soil phosphorus increased linearly with increasing doses of the sources. Doses equal or below the recommendation for maize (100% P2O5) were less effective in supplying potassium. The organomineral sources did not add heavy metals to the soil. Fertilizers based on biosolid can supply nutrients, such as phosphorus, boron and manganese at high doses, replacing mineral fertilization, while maintaining and improving soil fertility with no contamination by heavy metals.
The "heat island" phenomenon is one of many serious problems caused by rapid urban growth. This study therefore sought to characterize and quantify heat islands in Uberlandia, to evaluate the seasonality of these islands (winter-summer) and to identify the effect of surface coverage on their intensity. To identify intra-urban heat islands in Uberlandia, air temperature data were collected in two seasons (winter and summer) using mobile and fixed transects seasons. Transition measurements were recorded automatically every 0.5 seconds using a carmounted thermos-hygrometer moving at an average of 40 km h -1 . GPS was used to select approximately ten data points every 500 meters of each transect. Fixed weather stations measured air temperature at three sites in the region. Transect data analysis showed that the intra-urban heat islands were more intense in winter (ΔT = 2.2ºC) than in summer (ΔT = 1.2ºC) mainly because by reduction in atmospheric vapor in winter (dry season) and by higher rate of radiative cooling that is favored in permeable areas. The methodology used in the present study proved to be a quick and efficient way to carry out this type of monitoring.Keywords: air temperature, urban heat island, winter.Transecto móvel para identificação de ilha de calor intra-urbana em Uberlândia, Brasil RESUMO O fenômeno da ilha do calor é um dos muitos problemas graves causados pelo rápido crescimento urbano. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram: caracterizar e quantificar ilhas de calor em Uberlândia, avaliar a sazonalidade destas ilhas (inverno-verão) e identificar o efeito da cobertura superficial na intensidade das mesmas. Para identificar as ilhas de calor intraurbanas em Uberlândia, os dados de temperatura do ar foram coletados em duas estações (inverno e verão) usando transectos móveis e estações climáticas fixas. As medidas de transição foram gravadas automaticamente a cada 0,5 segundos usando um termo-higrometro montado em carro movendo-se a uma média de 40 km h -1 . O GPS foi usado para selecionar aproximadamente dez pontos de dados a cada 500 metros de cada transecto. As estações meteorológicas fixas mediram a temperatura do ar em três locais da região. A análise dos dados mostrou que as ilhas de calor intra-urbana em Uberlândia foram mais intensas no inverno (ΔT = 2,2ºC) que no verão (ΔT = 1,2ºC) devido principalmente à redução no vapor de água atmosférico no inverno (estação seca) e pela taxa de resfriamento radiativo maior nas áreas permeáveis. A metodologia utilizada no presente estudo mostrou ser uma maneira rápida e eficiente de realizar esse tipo de monitoramento.Palavras-chave: ilha de calor urbano, inverno, temperatura do ar.
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