The children with CD presented with more RAS, DEDs, reduction of salivary flow, and chemical alterations in the enamel.

Abstract. Capillaria hepatica is a helminth that may cause an extremely rare condition of parasitic hepatitis. Only 29 cases have been published, 2 of them in Brazil. We report here 3 cases of children in Brazil with massive hepatic capillariasis who presented the characteristic triad of this type of infection, i.e., persistent fever, hepatomegaly, and eosinophilia. The diagnosis was made by liver biopsy. All children responded well after treatment with thiabendazole (case 1), albendazole (case 3), and albendazole in combination with a corticoid (case 2). Case 1 has been followedup for 24 years, an event not previously reported in the literature.

These results indicate that CCLD limits bone mass gain in children. A reduction in hepatic IGF-1 production might be responsible, at least in part, for the low bone mass of these patients.

In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmune hepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higher disease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar algumas características clínicas e laboratoriais de crianças com doença de Hirschsprung. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de 53 crianças com diagnóstico final de doença de Hirschsprung, atendidas de janeiro de 1981 a dezembro de 1999, no Hospital das Clínicas/ USP, Ribeirão Preto. Foram analisados alguns parâmetros clínicos (distribuição segundo o gênero, idade no início dos sinais e sintomas, na 1 a consulta e no diagnóstico da doença, principais sinais e sintomas e estado nutricional) e laboratoriais da 1 a consulta, que permitiram o diagnóstico (enema opaco, manometria anorretal e biópsia retal), bem como a evolução dos pacientes após o tratamento cirúrgico. Resultados: 42 crianças (79,2%) eram meninos. Os primeiros sinais e sintomas ocorreram no 1 0 mês, em 43 casos (81,1%), a idade, na primeira consulta, teve mediana de 7 meses e idade de diagnóstico, mediana de 8,8 meses. As principais manifestações clínicas foram: distensão abdominal em 83,0%, constipação intestinal em 73,6%, atraso na eliminação do mecônio em 60,7% dos casos. Não foi evidenciado importante comprometimento ponderoestatural. O enema opaco mostrou zona de transição em 47,2% (17/36) e, na manometria anorretal, observou-se ausência de reflexo reto esfincteriano em 73,7% (14/19). Todas as biópsias anorretais evidenciaram aganglionose. Uma das crianças foi submetida a tratamento clínico e 52 a tratamento cirúrgico. A colostomia foi realizada em 22/52 crianças (42,3%) e o tratamento cirúrgico definitivo em 49, sendo, em 77,6%, cirurgia de Duhamel Haddad, em 20,4%, cirurgia de Soave e, em 2,0%, cirurgia de Lestar Martin. As complicações pré-operatórias mais freqüentes foram obstrução intestinal em 28,3% e enterocolite em 11,3% dos casos. As principais complicações pós operatórias da colostomia foram: eventração e/ou prolapso e/ou estenose em 22,7% dos casos e do tratamento cirúrgico definitivo: escape e/ou incontinência fecal em 28,6%, infecção e/ou deiscência de ferida cirúrgica em 22,4% e enterocolite e/ou diarréia em 20,4%. Três crianças não foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico definitivo. Dez crianças (18,9%) obtiveram alta, 14 (26,4%) continuam em seguimento ambulatorial e 27 (50,9%) abandonaram o serviço após a cirurgia definitiva. Houve um óbito devido a enterocolite algum tempo após a cirurgia definitiva e 1 criança continua em seguimento ambulatorial em outro serviço, após a reconstrução do trânsito. Cinco das 14 crianças (35,7%) que permanecem em seguimento e 8 (29,6%) das 27 crianças que abandonaram o serviço mantinham escape e/ou incontinência fecal na última consulta. Conclusão: houve uma discrepância entre a idade de início dos sintomas e a idade de diagnóstico, evidenciando retardo no encaminhamento dos pacientes para comprovação diagnóstica. O diagnóstico tardio, possivelmente, determinou a alta porcentagem das complicações pré-operatórias da doença, que permanecem com as principais causas de morbimortalidade relativa à doença.

No abstract

Objective: To report a case of acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. Case description: An 11-month-old boy was presenting symmetrical erythematous and yellowish-brownish crusted lesions on his face, feet, hands and knees, intermittent diarrhea, fever, and recurrent infections since the age of six months. He was thin and had scarce hair on the scalp. The serum zinc level was measured and a reduced level of 27.0 mcg/dL (normal range: 50.0-120.0) was identified. Oral supplementation with 2.0 mg/kg/day of zinc sulfate was immediately initiated. A rapid and progressive improvement of symptoms was observed. The symptoms reappeared with an attempt to stop supplementation. Comments: Recognizing and properly treating acrodermatitis enteropathica is important to prevent complications.

Vomiting after feeding is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), which are considered to be a cause of infant feeding disorder. The objective of the present study was to evaluate swallowing in children with feeding disorder manifested by vomiting after feeding. Using clinical and videofluoroscopic methods we studied the swallowing of 37 children with vomiting after feeding (mean age=15.4 months), and of 15 healthy children (mean age=20.5 months). In the videofluoroscopic examination the children swallowed a free volume of milk and 5 ml of mashed banana, both mixed with barium sulfate. We evaluated five swallows of liquid and five swallows of paste. The videofluoroscopic examination was recorded at 60 frames/s. Patients had difficulty during feeding, pneumonia, respiratory distress, otitis, and irritability more frequently than controls. During feeding, children with vomiting, choke were irritable, and refused food more frequently than controls, and during the videofluoroscopic examination the patients had more backward movement of the head than controls for both the liquid and paste boluses. There was no difference in the timing of oral swallowing transit, pharyngeal swallowing transit, or pharyngeal clearance between patients and controls. We conclude that children with vomiting after feeding may have difficulties in accepting feeding, although they have no alteration of oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing.