RESUMOA recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde é que todo recém nascido deva ser alimentado exclusivamente no seio materno até o sexto mês e, de forma complementar, até o segundo ano de vida. Assim, algumas técnicas são realizadas para facilitar a alimentação ao seio, dentre elas o uso do copo e, recentemente, a utilização da técnica "sonda-dedo". Tal prática é bastante controversa e há escassez de estudos na literatura sobre a descrição da técnica, sua indicação e uso. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar a experiência clínica para indicação e uso da técnica "sonda-dedo". A técnica "sonda-dedo" consiste no oferecimento do leite, de preferência humano, utilizando sonda gástrica conectada a uma seringa com êmbolo e fixada em dedo mínimo enluvado com fita adesiva. A sonda é posicionada na cavidade oral do recém nascido e deve servir como uma técnica de auxílio para adequação do padrão de sucção. Desta forma, sugere-se que sua indicação deve ser apenas nos casos em que seja caracterizada uma disfunção oral, seja em recém nascidos a termo ou prétermo. Diante da avaliação específica, realizada pelo fonoaudiólogo, indica-se a técnica "sonda-dedo" com objetivo de adequar as alterações obtidas na avaliação da sucção não nutritiva ou em seio materno. Acredita-se que, para que a técnica "sonda-dedo" seja indicada como complemento do aleitamento materno, devam ser realizados novos estudos para esclarecer quais as repercussões da técnica "sonda-dedo" na prevalência do aleitamento materno e no desenvolvimento motor oral de recém nascidos.

Background: swallowing in children with neurologic disorders. Aim: to relate the data obtained in the clinical and in the videofluoroscopic evaluations of swallowing in children with neurologic disorders. Methods: a retrospective analysis of 24 protocols of speech-language evaluation and of medical records of children, of both genders, referred to clinical and videofluoroscopic evaluations of swallowing at the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto -University of São Paulo, from January 2001 to June 2005. The following aspects were analyzed in the clinical evaluation: diet consistency, functional aspects of the swallowing mechanism and results of the cervical auscultation. Videofluoroscopic evaluation was performed to determine the dynamic aspects of the oral and pharyngeal phases. Results: during the clinical evaluation of the oral phase, for both liquid and pasty consistencies, a greater occurrence of inadequate bolus control was observed (n = 15 e n = 14, respectively). In the pharyngeal phase, also for both consistencies, an adequate cervical auscultate was more frequntly observed before swallowing (n = 16 e n = 13) followed by the inadequate cervical auscultation during swallowing (n = 15 e n = 12). In the videofluoroscopic evaluation, during the oral phase, for both consistencies, the presence of inadequate food propulsion was the most frequent finding (n = 13 e n = 13) and, in the pharyngeal phase, the most frequent finding was the absence of laryngotracheal aspiration (n = 12 e n = 17). There was a statistically significant correlation between the cervical auscultate and the excursion of the hyoid and the larynx, and between the cervical auscultate and laryngotracheal aspiration of liquid and pasty consistencies. Conclusion: both procedures are important and complementary in the diagnosis of dysphagia. Key Words: Children, Swallowing, Dysphagia. ResumoTema: deglutição em crianças com alterações neurológicas. Objetivo: relacionar os dados obtidos na avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica e avaliação videofluoroscópica da deglutição em crianças com alteração neurológica. Método: análise retrospectiva de 24 protocolos de avaliação fonoaudiológica e prontuários médicos de crianças de ambos os sexos, encaminhadas para avaliação clínica e videofluoroscópica da deglutição no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto -Universidade de São Paulo, no período de janeiro de 2001 a junho de 2005. Na avaliação clínica foram analisados: a consistência da alimentação utilizada, aspectos funcionais do mecanismo de deglutição e os resultados da ausculta cervical. Na avaliação videofluoroscópica foram verificados os aspectos da dinâmica das fases oral e faríngea. Resultados: ao realizar a avaliação clínica na fase oral, com a utilização das consistências líquida e pastosa, verificou-se maior ocorrência do inadequado controle do bolo alimentar (n = 15 e n = 14, respectivamente). Na fase faríngea, para ambas as consistências, observou-se que a ausculta cervical adequada antes da deglutição foi a observ...

Vomiting after feeding is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), which are considered to be a cause of infant feeding disorder. The objective of the present study was to evaluate swallowing in children with feeding disorder manifested by vomiting after feeding. Using clinical and videofluoroscopic methods we studied the swallowing of 37 children with vomiting after feeding (mean age=15.4 months), and of 15 healthy children (mean age=20.5 months). In the videofluoroscopic examination the children swallowed a free volume of milk and 5 ml of mashed banana, both mixed with barium sulfate. We evaluated five swallows of liquid and five swallows of paste. The videofluoroscopic examination was recorded at 60 frames/s. Patients had difficulty during feeding, pneumonia, respiratory distress, otitis, and irritability more frequently than controls. During feeding, children with vomiting, choke were irritable, and refused food more frequently than controls, and during the videofluoroscopic examination the patients had more backward movement of the head than controls for both the liquid and paste boluses. There was no difference in the timing of oral swallowing transit, pharyngeal swallowing transit, or pharyngeal clearance between patients and controls. We conclude that children with vomiting after feeding may have difficulties in accepting feeding, although they have no alteration of oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing.

Gastroesophageal reflux is considered cause of infants feeding disorder. Negative experience such as vomiting, regurgitation; several times may be associated to choking, dysphagia and painfull swallowing produce aversion or feed refusal and causes a break up in the swallowing and feeding processes. This study evaluated the swallowing process in children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), confirmed clinically and radiographically. We selected 37 children, with GER and GER complaints of feeding disorders, ages range from 7 months to 37 months, mean age of 15,4 months, consisted 25 males (67,6%) and 12 females (32,4%). The control group (GC) consisted of 15 healthy children (general and nourishing states), carefully chosen for not having any symptoms of GER, repetitive breathing disorders or developmental delays. The ages varied form 6 to 38 months, with mean age of 20,5 months, being 6 males (40%) and 9 females (60%). Swallowing evaluation (functional) considered three diets consistency: liquid, semi-solid and solid, beginning with 5 ml followed by free volume taken habitually by children. Free volume of milk and 5 ml of semi-solid, mixed with barium, were used during the videofluoroscopy. Children with GER presented alteration in clinical evaluations on 64,9% (n=24) and the control group on 13,3% (n=2), swallowing less diet solid diet, presents nausea, feeding refusal, choking and irritation. Videofluoroscopy evaluation for liquids, showed laryngeal penetration on 61,8 % (n =21) , GC 33,3% (n=5), and backward compensatory movement in 64,7% (n=22) e GC 0%, it was similar for the semi-solid diet 41,2% (n=14) e GC (n=0). There was no difference in time of the swallowing phases. This study shows that children with GER present difficulties to accepting feeding although no alteration on the oropharyngeal dynamics timing of swallowing was founded.

The oral breathing is a disturb of high prevalence and that modify directly the structures of the estomatognathic system, damage alterations in the faces' structure, influencing in the functions of chewing and swallowing, and being able to cause obesity or low weight. Objective: To study the prevalence of oral breathing in obese and healhty teenagers and compare the phonoaudiologic alterations in these groups. Methods: Fifty teenagers (males and females) were evaluated, 30 obeses and 20 healthy. All the patients, had been trough odontologic care and phonoaudiologic interview, to find any possible interference in the results. After that, they had been evaluated for facial, swallowing and chewing functions. This procedure was taped for further analysis. Results: We found alterations in tonus and mobility of: tongue in oral breathers (OB) obeses (48%), cheeks in nasal breather (NB) obeses (89%) and lips in OB healthy (89%). The higher alteration of the swallowing was found in obese OB (81%) and of chewing in healthy OB (78%). Conclusion: The healthy nasal breathers have the lower indices of alterations in the speech organs and in the oral functions. The oral breathing was associated to swallowing' alteration in obeses and in the chewing process in the healthy group. We found the higher rates of alterations in the speech organs in obeses, independently of the oral or nasal breathing. Since the importance of these functions for the maintenance of muscle's tonus and for one adequate mechanics of food ingestion, the inquiries and research become pertinent for the area. In clinics, the facial miotherapy, involves aspects that if they are not integrated, may become a mistake.

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