Woody breast (WB) myopathy is significantly impacting modern broilers and is imposing a huge economic burden on the poultry industry worldwide. Yet, its etiology is not fully defined. In a previous study, we have shown that hypoxia and the activation of its upstream mediators (AKT/PI3K/mTOR) played a key role in WB myopathy, and supplementation of quantum blue (QB) can help to reduce WB severity via modulation of hypoxia-related pathways. To gain further insights, we undertook here a metabolomics approach to identify key metabolite signatures and outline their most enriched biological functions. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) identified a total of 108 known metabolites. Of these, mean intensity differences at P < 0.05 were found in 60 metabolites with 42 higher and 18 lower in WB-affected compared to unaffected muscles. Multivariate analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) scores plot displayed different clusters when comparing metabolites profile from affected and unaffected tissues and from moderate (MOD) and severe (SEV) WB muscles indicating that unique metabolite profiles are present for the WB-affected and unaffected muscles. To gain biologically related molecule networks, a stringent pathway analyses was conducted using IPA knowledge-base. The top 10 canonical pathways generated, using a fold-change −1.5 and 1.5 cutoff, with the 50 differentially abundant-metabolites were purine nucleotide degradation and de novo biosynthesis, sirtuin signaling pathway, citrulline-nitric oxide cycle, salvage pathways of pyrimidine DNA, IL-1 signaling, iNOS, Angiogenesis, PI3K/AKT signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation. The top altered bio-functions in term of molecular and cellular functions in WB-affected tissues included cellular development, cellular growth and proliferation, cellular death and survival, small molecular biochemistry, inflammatory response, free radical scavenging, cell signaling and cell-to-cell interaction, cell cycles, and lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolisms. The top disorder functions identified were organismal injury and abnormalities, cancer, skeletal and muscular disorders, connective tissue disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Greene et al. Quantum Blue and Metabolome in Broilers Breast tissues from birds fed with high dose (2,000 FTU) of QB phytase exhibited 22 metabolites with significantly different levels compared to the control group with a clear cluster using PLS-DA analysis. Of these 22 metabolites, 9 were differentially abundant between WB-affected and unaffected muscles. Taken together, this study determined many metabolic signatures and disordered pathways, which could be regarded as new routes for discovering potential mechanisms of WB myopathy.
Woody breast ( WB ) condition has created a variety of challenges for the global poultry industry. To date, there are no effective treatments or preventative measures due to its unknown (undefined) etiology. Several potential mechanisms including oxidative stress, fiber-type switching, cellular damage, and altered intracellular calcium levels have been proposed to play a key role in the progression of the WB myopathy. In a previous study, we have shown that WB is associated with hypoxia-like status and dysregulated oxygen homeostasis. As satellite cells ( SC ) play a pivotal role in muscle fiber repair and remodeling under stress conditions, we undertook the present study to determine satellite cell fate in WB-affected birds when reared in either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Modern random bred broilers from 2015 (n = 200) were wing banded and reared under standard brooding practices for the first 2 wk post-hatch. At 15 d, chicks were divided in 2 body weight-matched groups and reared to 6 wk in either control local altitude or hypobaric chambers with simulated altitude of 6,000 ft. Birds were provided ad libitum access to water and feed, according to the Cobb recommendations. At 6 wk of age, birds were processed and scored for WB, and breast samples were collected from WB-affected and unaffected birds for molecular analyses (n = 10/group). SCs were isolated from normal breast muscle, cultured in vitro, and exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 2 h. The expression of target genes was determined by qPCR using 2 −∆∆Ct method. Protein distribution and expression were determined by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblot, respectively. Data were analyzed by the Student's t test with significance set at P < 0.05. Multiple satellite cell markers, myogenic factor ( Myf )-5 and paired box ( PAX )-7 were significantly decreased at the mRNA and protein levels in the breast muscle from WB-affected birds compared to their unaffected counterparts. Lipogenic-and adipogenic-associated factors (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACCα ; fatty acid synthase, FASN , malic enzyme, ME ; and ATP citrate lyase, ACLY ) were activated in WB-affected birds. These data were supported by an in vitro study where hypoxia decreased the expression of Myf5 and Pax7, and increased that of ACCα, FASN, ME, and ACLY. Together, these data indicate that under hypoxic condition, SC change fate by switching from a myogenic to an adipogenic program, which explains at least partly, the etiology of the WB myopathy.
Woody breast ( WB ) myopathy is a major concern and economic burden to the poultry industry, and for which, there is no effective solution because of its unknown etiology. In a previous study, we have shown that phytase (Quantum Blue, QB ) reduces the WB severity by 5% via modulation of oxygen homeostasis-related pathways. As WB has been suggested to be associated with lipid dysmetabolism, we aimed to determine the effect of QB on WB and breast muscle fatty acid profile. Male broilers were subjected to 6 treatments (96 birds/treatment): a nutrient adequate control group (PC), the PC supplemented with 0.3% myo-inositol (PC + MI), a negative control ( NC ) deficient in available P and Ca by 0.15 and 0.16%, respectively, the NC fed with QB at 500 (NC+500 FTU), and 1,000 (NC+ 1,000 FTU) or 2,000 FTU/kg of feed (NC+2,000 FTU). Woody breast and white striping scores were recorded, and fatty acid profiles were determined using gas liquid chromatography. Woody breast-affected muscles exhibited a significant higher incidence of white striping as liquid chromatography analysis reveals an imbalance of fatty acid profile in the breast of WB-affected birds with a significant higher percent of saturated fatty acids (SFA, myristic [14:0], pentadecanoic [15:0], and margaric [17:0]) and monounsaturated fatty acids (myristoleic [14:1], palmitoleic [16:1 c ], 10-trans-heptadecenoic [17:1 t ], oleic [18:1 c 9], and vaccenic [18:1 c 11]), and lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega-3 ( P < 0.05). Quantum Blue at high doses (1,000 and 2,000 FTU) significantly reduces the percent of SFA and increases that of PUFA compared with the control group. In conclusion, WB myopathy seemed to be associated with an imbalance of fatty acid profile, and QB ameliorates the severity of WB potentially via modulation of SFA and PUFA contents.
As a result of genetic selection, the modern broiler is more efficient, higher yielding, and faster growing than the bird of the 1950s. Unfortunately, as a result of improvement in growth rate, the modern broiler has the potential to struggle under heat stress conditions. The present study evaluates 3 different random bred populations and a common ancestor under both a thermal neutral and heat stress conditions after a 54-D grow-out period. The lines used in this study included the Athens Canadian Random Bred ( ACRB ), a 1995 Random Bred ( 95RAN ), a 2015 Random Bred ( MRB ), and a Junglefowl ( JF ). Male chicks (n = 150/line) were placed by line in environmentally controlled chambers. An 8-h daily cyclic heat stress (36°C) was applied to half of the chambers beginning on day 28 ( HS ) and lasting until processing at day 55, while the remaining chambers remained thermal neutral ( TN ) at 26°C. Dock weights and carcass weights were lower in the HS-95RAN and HS-MRB, compared to their TN counterparts, while the ACRB and JF had no difference in dock and carcass weights regardless of environmental condition. The MRB line had the highest breast yield (27.79%) while the JF (12.79%) and ACRB (12.42%) had the lowest. The 95RAN line had the highest abdominal fat percentage (2.83%) while the MRB line had the lowest moisture uptake during chill. The HS exposure lowered overall breast yield and breast pH at 15 min and 4 h postmortem but did not have an impact on color (L∗) or 24 h breast drip loss. The MRB was scored for both woody breast and white striping. The TN-MRB group had a higher incidence of moderate and severe woody breast and white striping than the HS-MRB group. Based on the results of this study, it appears that HS has a greater negative impact on the higher yielding lines (MRB and 95RAN) than the ACRB and JF and that clear line differences exist between the random bred lines and their common ancestor.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.