Iran is a center of origin and diversity for walnuts (Juglans regia L.) with very good potential for breeding purposes. The rich germplasm available, creates an opportunity for study and selection of the diverse walnut genotypes. In this study, the population structure of 104 Persian walnut accessions was assessed using AFLP markers in combination with phenotypic variability of 17 and 18 qualitative and quantitative traits respetively. The primers E-TG/M-CAG, with high values of number of polymorphic bands, polymorphic information content, marker index and Shannon’s diversity index, were the most effective in detecting genetic variation within the walnut germplasm. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated 93.98% of the genetic variability was between individuals, while 6.32% of variation was among populations. A relatively new technique, an advanced maximization strategy with a heuristic approach, was deployed to develop the core collection. Initially, three independent core collections (CC1–CC3) were created using phenotypic data and molecular markers. The three core collections (CC1–CC3) were then merged to generate a composite core collection (CC4). The mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, variable rate of coefficient of variance percentage, coincidence rate of range percentage, Shannon’s diversity index, and Nei’s gene diversity were employed for comparative analysis. The CC4 with 46 accessions represented the complete range of phenotypic and genetic variability. This study is the first report describing development of a core collection in walnut using molecular marker data in combination with phenotypic values. The construction of core collection could facilitate the work for identification of genetic determinants of trait variability and aid effective utilization of diversity caused by outcrossing, in walnut breeding programs.
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF is associated with an increased risk of stroke. We aimed to review systematically the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies for patients with AF. Methods: To find related research and articles, articles published in Iranian and international databases by using a combination of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were searched and reviewed until Dec 2020. The main outcome measures of the final articles were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) per gained or additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), additional case detected, and avoided stroke. Results: Out of 3,360 studies found, finally, fifteen studies were included in the research. The lowest ICER numerical value was 78.39 for AF screening using ECG for 65-85 yr old Japanese women. The highest value of this index is equal to 70864.31 for performing ECG monitoring for more than 60 d for Canadians over 80 yr without AF history. In two studies, the results were expressed with the years of life gained (YLG measure. Of course, in one study, the results were not reported with this measure, and in one study, the results were reported with ICER. Conclusion: Most of the studies acknowledged the cost-effectiveness of different AF screening strategies. However, studies that confirmed the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening were more than studies that confirmed the cost-effectiveness of other screening strategies.
Background patient.Therefo Methods: Th treatment of th (IEBPA). In es patient and use economic burd from the questi were entered in Results: The 45.875.654.514 155.890.789 re Conclusion: than half of th policymakers, e
Parkinson is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. Pain and emotional disorders due to Parkinson negatively affect the quality of the patient's life. Biarum carduchrum is an antioxidant plant with some application in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Biarum carduchrum extract on pain and emotional disorders caused by 6-hydroxydopamine injection. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 animals. The control group received normal saline. Parkinson's groups were subjected to the injection of 6-OHDA in the right anterior mid-brain (MFB). In third, fourth and fifth groups, rats received Biarum carduchrum extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg via gavage 7 days after induction of Parkinson for 14 days. On day 15 th , behavioral tests including forced swimming test and tail flick were performed. Treatment of Parkinsonian rats with Biarum carduchrum extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg dramatically reduced the duration of immobility time in the forced swimming test. Rats treated by Biarum carduchrum extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg showed significantly increased resistance to pain compared with Parkinsonian rats. The results of this study show that the Biarum carduchrum extract improves depression and pain induced by Parkinson, which is probably related to its antioxidant effects.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the cost-effectiveness of atrial fibrillation screening strategies.Design: Systematic review Setting: LiteraturePatient(s): Patients with atrial fibrillation.Intervention(s): To find related research and articles in this field, articles published in Iranian and international databases and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were searched and reviewed. The quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were the main outcome used for measuring the effectiveness.Main Outcome Measure(s): Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) per gained or additional QALY, additional case detected, and avoided stroke.Result(s): Out of 3,360 studies found in the field of the present study, finally, fifteen studies were included in the research. The lowest ICER numerical value was 78.39 for AF screening using ECG for 65-85-year-old Japanese women. The highest value of this index is equal to 70864.31 for performing ECG monitoring for more than 60 days for Canadians over 80 years without AF history who have been referred to outpatient clinics. In two studies, the results were expressed with the Years of life gained (YLG) measure. Of course, in one study, the results were not reported with this measure and in one study, the results were reported with ICER. Conclusion(s): According to the results of all the studies analyzed, most of the studies acknowledged the cost-effectiveness of different AF screening strategies. However, studies that confirmed the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening were more than studies that confirmed the cost-effectiveness of other screening strategies.
Background: Parents of premature infants are more likely to be exposed to stressful situations than parents of term infants. This study aimed to explore the effect of educational-supportive interventions on the tolerance of parents of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the participants included 50 parents of premature infants admitted to one of the NICUs in Shiraz, Iran from October 2019 to May 2020. Parents were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The training package and its content were done for the intervention group in five 45-minute sessions for two weeks and three times in a week. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Distress Tolerance Scale and analyzed by SPSS 24 using paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square test. It was considered statistically significant (P<0.05).Results: The mean scores of the mothers’ and fathers’ distress tolerance in the pre-intervention stage were 36.0 ± 6.1, 33.9 ± 7.4 in the control group (P<0.14) and (38.4±5.8), (38.0 ± 5.9) in the experimental group (P<0.001), respectively. After the intervention, mean scores of the mothers’ and fathers’ distress tolerance in the control group were (35.9 ± 5.3), (36.5 ± 6.3) and in the experimental group (54.7 ± 5.3), (53.0 ± 6.0), which compared to before intervention had a significant increase (P <0.001). Conclusion: Supportive-educational programs can increase distress tolerance in parents of premature infants, facilitate the relationship between them and lead to increasing the quality of infants’ care.
Background: Parents of premature infants are more likely to be exposed to stressful situations than parents of term infants. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational-supportive interventions on the tolerance of parents of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the participants included 50 parents of premature infants admitted to one of the NICUs in Shiraz, Iran from October 2019 to May 2020. Parents were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Educational intervention (training package and its content) was done in five 45-minute sessions for two weeks and three times a week. The supportive care was provided one day after the intervention. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Distress Tolerance Scale and analyzed by SPSS 24 using paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square test. Results: The mean scores of the mothers' and fathers’ distress tolerance in the pre-intervention stage were 36.0 ± 6.1, 33.9 ± 7.4 in the control group (P < 0.14), and 38.4 ± 5.8, 38.0 ± 5.9 in the experimental group (P < 0.001), respectively. After the intervention, the mean scores of the mothers’ and fathers’ distress tolerance in the control group were 35.9 ± 5.3 and 36.5 ± 6.3, and in the experimental group 54.7 ± 5.3, 53.0 ± 6.0, which compared to before the intervention showed a significant increase (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Supportive-educational programs can increase distress tolerance in parents of premature infants. In the future, these programs can be planned to promote the quality of infant care.
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