This study means to improve the translation quality of two closely related literary genres; novel and short stories by determining the most frequently used Bakerian strategies for dealing with non-equivalences at word level. For this end, the English source texts, Matilda (which is a novel) and landlady and other short stories (which is a collection of short stories) are compared with their Farsi target texts to quantitatively study the frequency of Baker’s translation strategy. The purpose is first to evaluate if there is any meaningful difference between the implementation of Bakerian non-equivalence translation strategies between a novel and a short story collection. The purpose is also to study if the narrative context affects the translation of non-equivalence and if the shortness, compactness and brevity of the short story as determining genre related factors can affect textual-cultural aspect of translation and the implementation of the selected translation strategy. The findings of this study prove that translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation is the most frequently used strategy in both works, though it is more frequently used in short story (83%) than in novel (58%). The findings of this study can be used as one contributing factor along with other factors for translation quality assessment of the two studied prose narrative genres; novel and short story.
The primary purpose of the present paper is to investigate content equivalence in the English to Persian translation of General Health News based on Baker's model. A descriptive qualitative study was designed and 10 texts from English and Farsi versions of Iran Newspaper were randomly selected. To assess the translation quality of the selected texts, the researcher compared the original and translated texts at word, phrase and sentence level and tabulated the obtained data and estimated the frequency and percentage of translation inadequacies. The results revealed that most errors in the English translations were rooted in the textual domain where the translators have misunderstood the general concept of the source context. This was followed by semantic errors. The third place was given to the errors in the pragmatic domain which mainly addressed the purpose and meaning of the concepts presented in the source language. The least frequently occurred errors were related to grammatical errors which mainly covered prepositions and tenses. Research on content equivalence, in general, can help experts assess the quality of the translated text. Research on content equivalence of particular texts can lead to detecting translation problems, translation errors and translation inadequacies in that particular field.
This paper offers a Lacanian/feminist reading of Night, Mother by the American playwright Marsha Norman. The play Night, Mother will be read according to Lacan’s point of view and the concepts of identity and identity formation are studied in this paper. The play will be analyzed based on the Lacanian concepts of the contrast between the Imaginary Order and the Symbolic Order, and the notion of Death Drive, suggesting that in the play Jessie represents the Symbolic Order and her mother, Thelma, represents the Imaginary Order. The notion of Death Drive and its omnipresence in Jessie’s psyche is discussed and emphasized. Thelma functions as the Other for Jessie, while her father functions as the Mother, a reversal of gender roles in the Lacanian reading. Moreover, the relationship between some of the concepts are explained. It will be explicated how the play can be brought in line with a feminist reading of Lacan by reversing the stereotypical gender roles and subsequently getting close to post-feminist authors.
The present paper means to study the impact of gender on specified textual aspects of the translated text limiting to degree of naturalness, explicitation, content, register, vocabulary, terminology, translation brief and orientation to target text type based on Robinson’s model of Criterion-referenced rating scale. Jane Auston’s world famous classic work, Pride and Prejudice along with two Farsi translations rendered by a male and a female translator compose the corpus of this study. Assuming that particular textual aspects are more likely to come under the influence of the translator's gender, the basic assumption was that there is a possibility that the male translator would not transfer the minutes of the narrative of a female writer. The findings revealed that the female translator in terms of Cultural Specific Items and terminology, triumphs on explicitation, in terms of language, style and tone, she triumphs on ethics of formality and totally she has more footnotes and more omissions. The male translator, more informal in tone and style, utilizes more slang equivalents. The male translator has very few number of footnotes and no omissions. However, in terms of transference of meaning there appeared no meaningful difference between the two translators. In other words, the differences were on the level of form and aesthetic aspects rather than meaning and message. The present paper was based on one case study. Doing the same research on more cases, the findings have the potentiality of generalization.
Abstract:The present study is a Corpus-based research which analyzes the translation of BodyRelated Metaphors in the Holy Koran by Yusuf Ali, Marmaduke Pickthal and Thomas Irving, within the framework of Peter Newmark's procedures of metaphor translation. The data analyzed consists of a sample of 107 words and phrases which are categorized as metaphors of ear, eye, face, and hand. Out of the seven procedures proposed by Newmark for translating metaphors, the translators applied five procedures. None of the translators applied Newmark's fourth or sixth procedure and no new procedure was observed. The results revealed that among 107 metaphors examined, there is a general tendency (57.94%) towards reproducing the same image in the TL, and the three translators translated 68 metaphors (63.55%) using similar procedures. This study concludes that the likely and the most frequent metaphor translation procedures in the Holy Koran are: (1) to reproduce the same image in the TL, Newmark's first procedure; and (2) to convert metaphor to sense (literal meaning), Newmark's fifth procedure.
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