Abstract- The objective of this project was investigating and comparing changes of serum irisin, and trace levels of the elements (Zn, Cu, Mg) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus GDM in addition to wholesome pregnant group, examining the correlation among (Zn, Cu, Mg) levels and irisin insulin impedance in GDM pregnant women. Sixty GDM pregnant women and thirty wholesome pregnant women were examined. The pair groups were matched for age, and maternal serum irisin. Insulin levels and gestational age were calculated by the assay for enzyme-linked immune sorbent kit at gestation at 24-28 weeks. The confederation between clinical and biochemical parameters and maternal serum irisin levels were predestined. Serum levels of glucose, body mass index, insulin, OGTT, HOMA IR, HOMAβ, HbA1c, Hb%, irisin, Zn, Cu and Mg were investigated and analyzed for the examined collection as well as control samples. Pregnant women with GDM disease had noteworthy rising fast blood glucose FBG (P=0.004), first-hour OGTT glucose (P=0.001), second-hour OGTT glucose (P=0.001), fasting insulin FI (P=0.001) levels, HOMA IR (P=0.001), HOMAβ (P=0.001), HbA1C (P=0.001), Hb% (P=0.017), as contrasted to healthy women. Levels of irisin serum were significantly minimizing (P=0.001) in women, and sequentially more advanced GDM (mean±SD=71.65±8.03) than healthy pregnant controls (mean±SD 136.54±22.56). Analyses among irisin levels of anthropometric and biochemical values in gestational diabetes patients disclosed that none of the scrupulousness values were remediated with serum irisin level. His present outcomes indicate that the levels of serum irisin might be presented as an incoming GDM marker with decreased irisin levels being GDM symptomatic.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy. This disease is characterized by an abnormal glucose tolerance recognized for the first time during pregnancy due to a decreased insulin sensitivity combined with insufficient insulin secretion. To estimate preptin concentrations in pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus comparison with healthy pregnant. A total of 45 pregnant were divided into pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(n=30) and healthy pregnant (n=15)with gestational age-matched serum levels of biomarkers and cytokine were measured in second and third trimester using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test [OGTT]preptin and insulin levels were measured with ELISA. Metabolic parameters were measured by spectrophotometer methods. The correlation coefficients between serum preptin levels and age, BMI, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity were also evaluated. Serum preptin levels were significantly high in Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (446.33±81.34) compared with control healthy pregnant (157.26±36.50) (P <0.001). The correlation of Preptin levels in GDM pregnant was negatively with insulin resistance, age, BMI and fasting blood glucose but positively with fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. In summary, serum preptin concentration were increased in GDM pregnant compared with normal pregnant. Serum preptin concentration is associated with glucose tolerance status, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, Beta-cells functions disrupted

The current study aimed to identify the bacteria from the gallbladder taken during cholecystectomy of patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis of calculus and acalculus type. The study included 100 patients taken randomly (85 women and 15 men) undergoing cholecystectomy at the general teaching Hilla Hospital from September 2016 to June 2017. For each patient, two samples were taken, which included tissue and stone (if present). All samples were cultured on different media for full bacteriological identification. The infection appears in both sexes, but the rate of infection in women (85%) was higher than men (15%). The most affected age group in both sexes was between 35 and 45 years (30%). Clinically, chronic cholecystitis was the most common (84%) compared with acute cholecystitis (16%). The results of bacterial isolation appeared to be 75% for gallbladder tissue samples and 25% for stones culture. The total number of isolated bacterial samples were 80. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant and represented 86% whereas the Gram-positive group was 13%. The most common bacterial isolates were Salmonella typhi (20%) as Gram-negative bacteria and Enterococcus faecalis (45%) as Gram-positive bacteria. Cholesterol stones were the most common types of gallstones (60%) followed by pigment stone (40%) and mixed type (32%). Also, the study showed changes in the histological structure of the gallbladder, which were characterized by the expansion of the cavity and congestion of the blood vessels in the follicular layer and an increase in the amount of lymphatic tissue diffused in the layers of the gallbladder wall.

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This study aimed to study the effective antimonial therapy on circulating levels proinflammatory cytokines, and their effect on susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) infection in the Iraqi population. Fifty CssL patients were treated with pentavalent antimonial salts (pentostam) for 7 weeks. Leishmania species were identified by Nested-Polymerase chain reaction method, and in all the cases the strains corresponded to Leishmania major. Circulating plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were determined for CL patients and healthy subjects before and during 7 weeks after the treatment were started. Concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased after 7 days postinfection compared to levels in the pretreatment patients. It was clearly recorded in the present study that the level of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the serum of CL patients was responsively increasing with the antimonial therapy dose.