Abstract- The objective of this project was investigating and comparing changes of serum irisin, and trace levels of the elements (Zn, Cu, Mg) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus GDM in addition to wholesome pregnant group, examining the correlation among (Zn, Cu, Mg) levels and irisin insulin impedance in GDM pregnant women. Sixty GDM pregnant women and thirty wholesome pregnant women were examined. The pair groups were matched for age, and maternal serum irisin. Insulin levels and gestational age were calculated by the assay for enzyme-linked immune sorbent kit at gestation at 24-28 weeks. The confederation between clinical and biochemical parameters and maternal serum irisin levels were predestined. Serum levels of glucose, body mass index, insulin, OGTT, HOMA IR, HOMAβ, HbA1c, Hb%, irisin, Zn, Cu and Mg were investigated and analyzed for the examined collection as well as control samples. Pregnant women with GDM disease had noteworthy rising fast blood glucose FBG (P=0.004), first-hour OGTT glucose (P=0.001), second-hour OGTT glucose (P=0.001), fasting insulin FI (P=0.001) levels, HOMA IR (P=0.001), HOMAβ (P=0.001), HbA1C (P=0.001), Hb% (P=0.017), as contrasted to healthy women. Levels of irisin serum were significantly minimizing (P=0.001) in women, and sequentially more advanced GDM (mean±SD=71.65±8.03) than healthy pregnant controls (mean±SD 136.54±22.56). Analyses among irisin levels of anthropometric and biochemical values in gestational diabetes patients disclosed that none of the scrupulousness values were remediated with serum irisin level. His present outcomes indicate that the levels of serum irisin might be presented as an incoming GDM marker with decreased irisin levels being GDM symptomatic.

Background. Irisin is a myokine that has a beneficial effect on obesity and glucose metabolism by increasing energy expenditure. This study aims to investigate the effect of long-term moderate physical exercise on irisin levels and its correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), and metabolic parameters in normal weight and obese males. Material and method. A follow-up case-control study of sixty male participants, comprised of thirty normal weight and thirty obese, who had undergone supervised long-term moderate physical exercises for six months. Serum irisin levels, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and β-cell function (HOMA-B2) were assessed. Results. Long-term moderate exercise induced elevation of the irisin level significantly (P<0.0001) with significant reduction of the BMI, WC, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B2 levels (P<0.0001) in comparison between obese and normal weight groups. There are significant differences for each parameter in each obese and normal weight group before and after physical exercise with exception of the BMI and WC in the normal group. Significant negative correlations were shown between irisin and blood glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR levels in the obese group and normal weight group. Conclusion. Irisin improves glucose homeostasis after long-term moderate physical exercises, suggesting that irisin could have regulatory effect on glucose, insulin resistance, and obesity and it could be used as a potential therapy for obesity and insulin resistance.

Morbid obesity is a serious health condition that can interfere with basic physical functions such as breathing or walking. Those who are morbidly obese are at greater risk of illnesses including diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, gastro esophageal reflux disease, gallstones, osteoarthritis, heart disease, and cancer. This study was designed by taking 60 patients and 20 controls aged from 25 to 45 years with morbid obesity. A collection of samples was done by taking venous fasting blood samples from the patients and healthy volunteers after an overnight fasting. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid profile kits were used to determine these parameters. It was observed that the increase level of perilipin-1 led to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia for 60 patients, while the level of perilipin-1 in 20 controls caused insulin sensitivity. The increase of all studied parameters was concluded from the p-value, which was less than 0.05. The results also indicated that the level of perilipin-1 could be considered a risk factor for many diseases. It could cause accumulation of the bad cholesterol in vascular tissues leading to atherosclerosis; it could cause changes in many factors in secretion, could cause insulin resistance and then diabetes mellitus. The level of fatty acid coming from continuous lipolysis causes fatty liver and live diseases.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy. This disease is characterized by an abnormal glucose tolerance recognized for the first time during pregnancy due to a decreased insulin sensitivity combined with insufficient insulin secretion. To estimate preptin concentrations in pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus comparison with healthy pregnant. A total of 45 pregnant were divided into pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(n=30) and healthy pregnant (n=15)with gestational age-matched serum levels of biomarkers and cytokine were measured in second and third trimester using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test [OGTT]preptin and insulin levels were measured with ELISA. Metabolic parameters were measured by spectrophotometer methods. The correlation coefficients between serum preptin levels and age, BMI, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity were also evaluated. Serum preptin levels were significantly high in Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (446.33±81.34) compared with control healthy pregnant (157.26±36.50) (P <0.001). The correlation of Preptin levels in GDM pregnant was negatively with insulin resistance, age, BMI and fasting blood glucose but positively with fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. In summary, serum preptin concentration were increased in GDM pregnant compared with normal pregnant. Serum preptin concentration is associated with glucose tolerance status, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, Beta-cells functions disrupted

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