The purpose of current investigation was to investigate in vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of aqueous extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa leaves against alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats. Two in vivo and one in vitro methods were performed for the evaluation of aqueous extract for antidiabetic activity. For in-vivo evaluation, diabetes was induced in albino rats by administering a single dose of alloxan. The study was designed to test the acute effect of aqueous extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa (AEAS) to reduce blood glucose in OGTT. The chronic study of 21 days was performed against diabetic rats and blood glucose was determined at 1st , 7 th, 14th and 21st day. In chronic in vivo study, serum parameters insulin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also estimated at 21st day to determine the effects of aqueous and aqueous extracts on complications of diabetes mellitus. Glucose uptake by hemidiaphragm assay was performed to test the ability of extract to utilize glucose. In Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, standard glibenclamide and aqueous extract (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) treated animals have shown significant reduction in blood glucose at 90 mins but at 120 mins. In chronic model the aqueous extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.001) at 14th and 21st day of study in therapeutic groups and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P<0.001) reduce concentrations of SGOT, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea in serum and significantly (P<0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial effects of the extract in diabetes. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were less significant (P>0.01). The presence of extract in glucose uptake assay could significantly increase utilization of the glucose by rat hemidiaphragm. The aqueous extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa possess significant antidiabetic properties against alloxan induced diabetic animals.
BACKGROUNDPCOS is a most common metabolic endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age group. Prevalence of obesity and overweight is observed more in patients with PCOS. The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown till now. Insulin resistance is considered to be a prime factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Insulin resistance may present in PCOS independent of obesity. Our study is aimed to investigate the role of adiposity with insulin resistance in patients with PCOS by evaluating the insulin resistance index in obese and non-obese PCOS patients.
BACKGROUNDAlcohol abuse is one of the reasons for medical and surgical illness in developing and developed countries. Haematological complications related to alcohol are manifold including macrocytic anaemia. The early indicator of anaemia in alcoholic individuals can be detected by monitoring Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and observing peripheral smear for hypersegmented neutrophils. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn the present study, we analysed MCV and hypersegmented neutrophils in 100 alcoholics and compared it with 100 non-alcoholic individuals. RESULTSWe observed that MCV value was between 95 fL to 99 fL in 60 patients and 100 fL and above in 20 patients. Thus, MCV if observed in alcoholic individuals would warrant nutritional supplements, thereby secondary prevention of macrocytic anaemia would be made possible. Also, hypersegmented neutrophils were present in 67 alcoholic patients while only 11 control population had it in their peripheral smears. This suggests that peripheral smear analysis could be practised routinely in rural centres where higher end equipment is not available. Our results show a significant difference (p < 0.0001) in the MCV values and hypersegmented neutrophils between the test and control groups. CONCLUSIONThus, in a low resource setting, analysis for hypersegmented neutrophils in alcoholics and observing MCV values in them would help us predict the onset of macrocytic anaemia at a much early stage and treat them with nutritional supplements.
IntroductionObesity is a chronic relapsing disease process and serious public health concern that can lead to chronic diseases, medical complications and a higher risk of disability. Another significant feature of obesity is dysfunction in cardiac autonomic function, which leads to changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation, which can be measured using heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of this review is to estimate the extent to which exercise doses impacts on HRV among individuals living with overweight and obesity class I and II.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for articles dating from 1965 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria include studies designed as parallel-arm randomised trials, enrolling adolescent and adult individuals with overweight (body mass index, BMI≥25 to ≤29.9) and obesity (class I BMI: 30–34.9 and class II BMI: 35–39.9) undergoing aerobic or resistance training or concurrent exercise training. For data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and risk of bias assessment, Stata V.13.0 software will be used.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required. This systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019104154.
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