Purpose Economic Society 5.0 is the answer to the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 through the creation of new value from the development of advanced technology that aims to reduce the gap between human and economic problems. Excellent human resources and adequate digital infrastructure are requirements in an Economic Society 5.0. Cooperatives as community economic organizations are players in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Because of low competitiveness, cooperatives cannot create new and sustainable income streams, particularly digitalization capabilities. This study aims to encourage the competitiveness of cooperatives in the West Java region, Indonesia, in an Economic Society 5.0 by identifying the correlation between digital capabilities, digital orientation, employee resistance, government support, digital innovation and competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative method through surveys as data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires to 386 leaders of cooperatives in West Java. Hypothesis testing uses analysis technique of structural equation modeling with partial least squares tool. Findings There are five hypotheses that are supported in the proposed model in this study. Digital orientation and government support have a positif and significant effect on digital innovation, in contrary; digital capability and employee resistance do not show any effect. Digital orientation, government support and digital capability also have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness. Meanwhile, employee resistance and digital innovation have no significant effect on competitiveness. Digital innovation was also found not to mediate the relationship between digital orientation, government support, digital capability and employee resistance with competitiveness. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the study of cooperatives as community’s economic institutions. This study adds empirical evidence of the factors that influence the competitiveness of cooperative institutions in Indonesia as a driver of the community’s economy. This study also provides practical implications for the development of cooperative competitiveness in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia.

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Indonesian business environment heavily influenced by small-medium enterprise (SME). In embracing Industry 4.0, Indonesian SME must be able to adapt the changing environment and competitive landscape. However, the concept of competitive advantages of SMEs, especially when concerning digital transformation, yet to be clearly defined and evaluated within the industry. Several factors, directly or indirectly, affect and jointly determine the competitive strength of an individual firm. The challenge is to properly identify the specific factors, and how and to what extent they affect firm SME competitiveness. Thus, emerge the necessity to study, understand, and then identify those factors. This research seeks to answer the challenge by using a qualitative approach and the resource-based framework. Six variables discovered through studying state-of-the-art literature, namely Digital Capability, Digital Orientation, Digital Innovation, Resistance, and Government Support that connected with SME Competitiveness. The link between variables were clarified. Resulting in proposal of how those variables entwined with each other. All variables were found to be directly related to Competitiveness, with some of the relations were moderated by Digital Innovation.

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The current learning model is more modernized with the implementation of advanced technology. Knowledge management systems in the company can be used efficiently and effectively also supported by sophisticated technology. E-learning or electronic learning is one of the information technology products that enter the business world. This research discusses important factors that can increase the satisfaction and interest of trainees to use e-learning system. The method used to this research is quantitative analysis with hypotheses testing using Structural Equation Modeling on the proposed model. The results of this study are expected to enrich the literature on the application of e-learning and can be applied to companies that develop e-learning in corporate training and development programs.