ABSTRAK Karakteristik karkas dan sifat perlemakan pada daging domba dikontrol oleh banyak gen salah satunya gen DGAT1 (Diacylglycerol Acyltransferasel 1). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) gen DGAT1 pada titik mutasi g.8539 C>T dan asosiasinya terhadap karakteristik karkas dan sifat perlemakan pada domba Indonesia. Total sampel domba yang digunakan sebanyak 150 buah terdiri dari 35 sampel domba compass agrinak (DCA), 36 sampel domba barbados cross (DBC), 41 sampel domba komposit garut (DKG), 20 sampel domba ekor gemuk (DEG), dan 18 sampel domba ekor tipis (DET). Karakteristik karkas dan sifat perlemakan diukur dari domba jantan berumur 10-12 bulan. Identifikasi keragaman DGAT1|ALuI dianalisis dengan metode PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Hasil keragaman gen DGAT1 bersifat polimorfik dalam DET dan DEG, sedangkan DCA, DBC, dan DKG bersifat monomorfik. Dua genotipe disebut CC dan  CT ditemukan dalam DET dan DEG. Titik mutasi gen DGAT1 berasosiasi (P<0.05) dengan karakteristik karkas, yaitu bobot dan panjang karkas. Selain itu, keragaman gen DGAT1 juga berasosiasi signifikan (P<0.05) dengan asam lemak jenuh, yaitu asam stearat (C18:0) dan asam arakidat (C20:0) dan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal, yaitu asam oleat (C18:1n9c). Gen DGAT1 memiliki kontribusi dalam karakteristik karkas dan komposisi asam lemak pada domba.Kata Kunci: domba, gen DGAT1, karakteristik karkas, PCR-RFLP, sifat perlemakan                                                              ABSTRACT            Characteristic of carcass and fatness traits of sheep is regulated by many genes such as DGAT1 (Diacylglycerol Acyltransferasel 1) gene. The research was aimed to investigate SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) of DGAT1 and its association with characteristic of carcass and fatness traits in Indonesian sheep. A total sample of sheeps used 150 rams of 10–12 months consisted 35 samples of compas agrinak sheep (CAS), 36 of barbados cross (BCS), 41 of garut composite (GCS), 20  of javanese fat tailed (JFT), and 18 of javanese thin tailed (JTT). Identification variant of DGAT1|ALuI were performed by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). The results of polymorphism of DGAT1 were found in JTT and JFT. However, SNP of DGAT1 in CAS, BCS and GCS were monomorfic. Two genotype namely CC and CT were found in JTT and JFT populations. A SNP of the DGAT1 was associated (P<0.05) with characteristic of carcass, including weight and length of carcass. The variant of DGAT1 was associated too with saturated fatty acids (SFA) including stearic acid (C18:0) and arachidic acid (C20:0), and mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) including oleic acid (C18:1n9c). The DGAT1 gene was contribute to characteristic carcass and fatty acid composition in sheep.Keywords: DGAT1 gene, characteristic carcass, fatness traits, PCR-RFLP, sheep

The CYP2E1 gene (Cytochrome P450 2E1) plays an important role in the regulation of skatole and androstenone in liver tissue. The aimed of this study was to investigate of the effect of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms on lamb odor and flavour in Indonesian sheep. A total sample of 100 rams consisting of 20 Javanese fat-tailed (JFT), 20 Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), 20 compass Agrinak sheep (CAS), 20 Barbados cross sheep (BCS), and 20 Garut composite sheep (GCS) aged 10–12 months old were used. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the polymorphism of CYP2E1 genes. The association of the CYP2E1 genotypes with lamb odor and flavour were performed using T-test. The result showed that there were polymorphisms in CYP2E1 gene indicated by three genotypes namely GG (401 bp), GT (138, 263, and 401 bp), and TT (138 and 263 bp). Gene frequency of CYP2E1 (g.50657948 T>G) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The GT genotype was common in the population studied. Association of the CYP2E1 genotypes with lamb odor and flavour revealed a significant association (P<0.05) with the skatole (MI). The GG genotype had the highest skatole when compared to other genotypes. The SNP g.50657948 T>G of CYP2E1 gene might be a useful candidate marker for selecting sheep meat with desirable odor and flavour.

Fatty acids (FA) in ruminants, especially unsaturated FA (USFA) have important impact in meat quality, nutritional value, and flavour quality of meat, and on consumer’s health. Identification of the genetic factors controlling the FA composition and metabolism is pivotal to select sheep that produce higher USFA and lower saturated (SFA) for the benefit of sheep industry and consumers. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the transcriptome profiling in the liver tissues collected from sheep with divergent USFA content in longissimus muscle using RNA deep-sequencing. From sheep (n = 100) population, liver tissues with higher (n = 3) and lower (n = 3) USFA content were analysed using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The total number of reads produced for each liver sample were ranged from 21.28 to 28.51 million with a median of 23.90 million. Approximately, 198 genes were differentially regulated with significance level of p-adjusted value <0.05. Among them, 100 genes were up-regulated, and 98 were down-regulated (p<0.01, FC>1.5) in the higher USFA group. A large proportion of key genes involved in FA biosynthesis, adipogenesis, fat deposition, and lipid metabolism were identified, such as APOA5, SLC25A30, GFPT1, LEPR, TGFBR2, FABP7, GSTCD, and CYP17A. Pathway analysis revealed that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis- keratan sulfate, adipokine signaling, galactose metabolism, endocrine and other factors-regulating calcium metabolism, mineral metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway were playing important regulatory roles in FA metabolism. Importantly, polymorphism and association analyses showed that mutation in APOA5, CFHR5, TGFBR2 and LEPR genes could be potential markers for the FA composition in sheep. These polymorphisms and transcriptome networks controlling the FA variation could be used as genetic markers for FA composition-related traits improvement. However, functional validation is required to confirm the effect of these SNPs in other sheep population in order to incorporate them in the sheep breeding program.

Evaluation of genetic factors such as heritability value and non genetic factors of reproductive traits has a vital role in improving breeding and management practices of beef cattle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate heritability value and non-genetic factors affecting reproductive traits in Ongole grade cattle. Five hundred and fifty-three (553) records of reproductive traits including age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO) of cows distributed over a period of 8 years (2012 to 2019) were used to predict genetic and non-genetic parameters. Parity, sex, mating system, season, and year of birth calf were included in the model to estimate their effect on reproductive traits. Heritability estimation was calculated using Mixed Model analysis by SAS 9.4. The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS program, version 9.4 was used to estimate non-genetic factors. Overall mean values for AFC, CI and DO were 39.62±0.39 months, 393.81±2.85 days, 84.29±0.34, respectively. The results revealed that AFC, CI and DO were significantly (P<0.01) affected by mating system but sex, parity, year of birth had no significant (P>0.05) influence. Concerning AFC, season affected AFC of Ongole grade. Prediction of heritability AFC, CI and DO were 0.28±0.026; 0.46±0.007 and 0.21±0.040, respectively. We might conclude that the improvement of reproductive traits in Ongole grade cattle was possible by improving genetic merit by selection criteria using genetic parameters and utilization of controlled breeding techniques.

HSD17β13 (17beta 13-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases) are important enzymes in steroid metabolism. This study investigated the polymorphisms and expression of the HSD17β13 gene in lamb quality traits in Indonesian sheep. A total of 200 of rams of seven breeds administered in the study were Javanese fat-tailed (JFT), Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), Garut sheep (GS), Jonggol sheep (JS), Garut composite sheep (GCS), Compass agrinac sheep (CAS), Barbados cross sheep (BCS) aged 10-12 months and weighed 20-30 kg. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and MspI enzyme restriction were performed to identify the polymorphism of the HSD17β13 gene. The lamb quality traits were measured for physical quality, flavor, odor, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the HSD17β13 gene was polymorphic and had three genotypes i.e., CC, CT, and TT. The highest genotype frequency was the CC when compared to the other genotypes. The allele frequency of HSD17β13 gene was not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The polymorphism of HSD17β13 gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with the fatty acid composition and Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA),  i.e., tridecanoic acid (C13:0), arachidic acid (C20:0), henecosanoic acid (C21:0), and tricosanoic acid (C23:0). The polymorphism was also significantly associated with the Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) i.e. ginkgoleic acid (C17:1) and nervonoic acid (C24:1), and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) i.e. eicosedienoic acid (C20:2). The level of expression of the HSD17β13 gene based on quantitative real time-PCR analysis results was not significantly different (P>0.05) among genotypes for lamb quality traits. It can be concluded that the polymorphism of HSD17β13 gene was associated with the fatty acid composition of lamb in Indonesian sheep.

Objective:The objective of this study was This study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene and association analysis with lamb quality and expression quantification of the DDC gene in phenotypically divergent Indonesian sheep. DDC gene by studying its polymorphisms and expression and to describe its association with the lamb quality of Indonesia. Methods:The totals of 189 rams with an average body weight of 24.12 20-25 kg at the age of 10-12 months were used to identify for the identification of DDC gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP. Among 189 rams, several150 rams representing various sheep genotypes were used for an association study between genotypes and phenotypic traits with proc GLM analysis. with carcass characteristics, physical properties of meat, and fatty acid composition, while 100 rams for retail cut carcass and mineral content. The association study of DDC gene polymorphisms was performed using a T-test to compare genotypes with phenotypic traits. In addition, Tthe gene expression analysis of the DDC mRNA in the phenotypically divergent sheep population was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results:The DDC gene (g. 5377439 G>A) showed polymorphisms that indicate three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG. The DDC gene polymorphism was significantly associated (P≤0.05) with carcass characteristics including the carcass percentage of the carcass, carcass length of the carcass, hot and cold carcass; physical properties of lamb quality including pH value and cooking loss; retail cut carcass except for shank and neck; fatty acid composition such as fat content, capric acid (C10:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), heptadecanoic acid

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One of gene which involves on mediation an antioxidant cascade in beta cells as an intracellular target of excess fat intake is Kinesin Family 12 (KIF12). This study aims to identify the diversity of SNP g. 9617965 C>T KIF12 and association with carcass characteristic and meat quality. The total sample used were 102 ram DNA samples consisted of 10 barbados cross sheep (BCS), 52 javanese thin tail (JTT), 15 jonggol sheep (JS), 15 garut sheep (GS), and 10 compass agrinak sheep (CAS). Identification of the diversity of KIF12|BfaI was conducted using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The results showed that the amplification product was 696 bp. The diversity of the KIF12 gene was found three genotypes namely CC, CT, and TT. The allele frequency in all types of sheep was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A SNP of the KIF12 was associated (P<0.05) with characteristic of carcass, including length of carcass. The association of KIF12 with meat quality was significant (P<0.05) too associated with pH and water holding capasity (WHC). It could be concluded that KIF12 gene is a potential candidate gene for carcass characteristic and meat quality traits in sheep