Background: For last decades, the mortality rate of hajj pilgrims from Indonesia was between 2.1 and 3.2 per 1000 hajj pilgrims. At the same time, morbidity affected 87% of the elderly (>65 years old), of which 83% faced high risk of health problems. This is a complex problem affecting hajj health care in Indonesia. The study was aimed to understand what extent of the hajj implementation on health care in Indonesia. Methods: This review was conducted by abstracting of three studies in Indonesian hajj health care. Two of the studies were based on cross-sectional reviews, while one was a case-control study. The majority of the studies performed laboratory tests to evaluate the disease conditions among hajj pilgrims through secondary data. Results: First study presented that hajj Posbindu (integrated post-coaching) was not functional in managing the health problems of the pilgrims. It shows that the stroke prevalence is 10.9 per 1000 people, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 10.9% of the people, and coronary heart disease 1.5%. The second study expressed that, according to health isthitaah (policy implementation), there were 20% hajj pilgrims who delayed their trip because of health issues. Most of them had chronic kidney disease, dementia, or lung tuberculosis. The policy implementation of health isthitaah was not smooth; there was little collaboration between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Religious Affairs, and the population was not sufficiently educated in the area, resulting in hajj pilgrims with poor knowledge, attitude, and practice in health isthitaah. This notion was enforced in the third study. Conclusion: The coaching according to health isthitaah should be encouraged alongside collaboration between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Religious Affairs. Socialization in public health has to increase according to health isthitaah, which can be done by district health centers.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the world is between 20-25%, whereas in Indonesia 23.34%, is higher in men (26.2%) than in women (21.4%). SM is predicted to cause a two-fold increase in the risk of heart disease and five-fold in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are no data on MS incidents in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine MS predictor and hazard rate from predictor factors during the six-years follow up in Bogor city. This study is a sub sample of data “Cohort Study of Non Communicable Disease Risk Factors” in Bogor City conducted in 2017. The sample taken is respondents who meet the criteria of MS in accordance with NCEP/ATP III. A total of 4,215 samples that were MS free at baseline were analyzed. Data were collected by interview, physical measurement and laboratory examination every two years during the six year follow-up (2011-2017). Bivariate analysis was performed to obtain a significant p value, followed by multivariate analysis with cox regression to see the hazard rate (HR). The result is the incidence of MS was 56 person years per 10.000 population, during 6 yeras observation. After adjusting for age, the MS were women with predictor or HR 4.78 (95% CI 1.11 – 20.56) and carbohydrate intake with HR 2.99 (95% CI 1.28 – 6.98). Women was main predictors of MS after controlling carbohydrate intake among people aged 25 years and above.To control of carbohydrate intake among women is a priority of MS control programs in community. Predictors for the incidence of SM women at risk were 4.78 times compared to men and carbohydrate consumption was 2.99 times. Abstrak Prevalensi sindrom metabolik (SM) di dunia antara 20-25%, sedangkan di Indonesia 23,34%, lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (26,2%) dibandingkan pada perempuan (21,4%). SM diprediksi menyebabkan kenaikan dua kali lipat risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung dan lima kali lipat pada penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2. Belum ada data insiden SM di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan variabel prediksi responden SM dan mendapatkan hazard rate dari faktor prediktor selama follow up enam tahun di Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan sub sampel data “Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular” di Kota Bogor yang dilakukan pada tahun 2017. Sampel yang diambil adalah responden yang memenuhi kriteria SM sesuai NCEP/ATP III. Sebanyak 4.215 sampel yang bebas SM saat baseline, dianalisis. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, pengukuran fisik dan pemeriksaan laboratorium setiap dua tahun selama follow up enam 6 tahun (2011-2017). Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai p yang bermakna, dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat dengan regresi cox untuk melihat hazard rate (HR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insiden SM sebesar 56 per 10.000 penduduk selama enam tahun pengamatan. Setelah di disesuaikan dengan umur maka HR atau prediktor SM adalah perempuan 4,78 (95% CI 1,11 – 20,56) dengan p = 0,03 dan asupan karbohidrat 2,99 (95% CI 1,28 – 6,98) dengan p = 0,01. Wanita dan asupan karbohidrat adalah prediktor untuk SM pada responden berusia 25 tahun ke atas. Kontrol asupan karbohidrat pada wanita merupakan prioritas program pengendalian sindrom metabolik di masyarakat. Prediktor untuk kejadian SM wanita berisiko sebesar 4,78 kali dibanding dengan laki laki dan komsumsi karbohidrat 2,99 kali.
ABSTRACT The Basic Health Research in Indonesia showed that diabetes prevalence increased from 5.7% (2007) to 6.9% (2013), it was about 9.1 million people being diabetic. Huge spending on health care due to diabetes mellitus (including catastrophic diseases) was reflected in Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) claims. Based on BPJS data, the cost of catastrophic diseases was 20.42 trillion rupiah. The measurement of HbA1c is more accurate to determine blood glucose for two until the last three months. This study was to know a description of HbA1c and determinant factors. This was a sub-set data sample of a cohort study of risk factors of non-communicable disease in Bogor city. The sample was taken from screening data of respondents in 2017 (n=1000) with a purposive approach for diabetes respondents. The complete data that could be analyzed were extracted from 947 respondents. The dependent variable was HbA1c level and independent variables were sociodemographics, level of blood glucose (fasting and 2-hour post-prandial), and total cholesterol. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate and Chi-square test. The result of correlation test showed that HbA1c and the fasting glucose, two hours after eating and total cholesterol were significant (p<0.001), with the highest correlation coefficient (0.77) in blood glucose, strong correlation (0.72) in 2-hour post-prandial and smallest correlation coefficient in total cholesterol (0.2). Keywords: blood glucose, Bogor, a cohort study of Non-Communicable Disease 2017, HbA1c, total cholesterol ABSTRAK Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas), prevalensi diabetes di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dari 5,7% tahun 2007 menjadi 6,9% atau sekitar 9,1 juta pada tahun 2013. Besarnya pembiayaan kesehatan akibat diabetes melitus (DM) yang termasuk penyakit katastropik tampak dari klaim Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Berdasarkan data BPJS Kesehatan, biaya klaim dari penyakit katastropik mencapai Rp 20,42 triliun pada 2018. Pengukuran HbA1c adalah cara yang paling akurat untuk menentukan tingginya kadar glukosa darah selama 2-3 bulan terakhir. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui gambaran kadar HbA1c dan faktor determinannya. Penelitian ini merupakan sub set data kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor. Sampel diambil dari sumber data skrining responden tahun 2017 (n=1.000) responden diabetes, data yang lengkap bisa dianalisis menjadi 947 responden. Variabel dependen adalah HbA1c dan variabel indipenden adalah sosiodemografi, kadar glukosa darah, dan kolesterol total. Analisis yang digunakan adalah bivariat. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi-square. Berdasarkan uji korelasi antara kadar HbA1c dengan glukosa darah puasa dan glukosa darah 2 jam paska pembebanan (PP), serta kolesterol total menunjukkan ketiga parameter tersebut sangat bermakna korelasinya (p<0,001), dengan nilai korelasi tertinggi (0,77) pada kadar glukosa darah puasa, kemudian kadar glukosa darah 2 jam PP (0,72), sedangkan korelasi terkecil pada kolesterol total (0,2).Kata kunci: Bogor, glukosa darah, HbA1c, kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular 2017, kolesterol total
Pelayanan Instalasi Radiologi merupakan bagian integral dari pelayanan penunjang medik di rumah sakit yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan diagnostik. Pemanfaatan radiasi pengion dan non-pengion ini dipandang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus oleh karena pelayanan radiologi memiliki peranan yang sangat besar dalam menunjang diagnosa suatu penyakit. Keselamatan kerja dalam radiologi mempunyai risiko baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, risiko tersebut dapat terjadi bila kelalaian dan sebab-sebab lain di luar kemampuan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan merangkum hasil-hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan K3 di bagian radiologi (diagnostik dan intervensional). Penelitian ini mereview 10 jurnal penelitian tentang K3 di bagian Radiologi RS terbitan tahun 2013 sampai dengan tahun 2021. Hasil yang dibahas dikelompokkan pada topik penelitian. Ada tiga topik besar yaitu pengawasan, SDM dan dampak radiasi yang dikaitkan dengan pemakaian APD. Hasil yang dipaparkan adalah tabel karakteristik jurnal dan tabel rangkuman hasil penelitian. Terdapat sebanyak masing-masing 2 artikel terbitan tahun 2013, 2016, 2017 dan 2018. Sedangkan yang terbitan tahun 2020 dan 2021 masing-masing satu artikel. Dari 10 artikel tersebut, delapan artikel membahas tentang manajemen K3, satu artikel membahas tentang dampak radiasi dan satu artikel membahas tentang pocket dosimetri (sebagai APD). Hanya ada satu penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa penerapan K3 pada pelayanan radiologi berkualitas. Selebihnya menilai bahwa penerapan K3 di bagian radiologi masih kurang. Dua artikel membahas keterbatasan SDM yaitu ketiadaan tenaga fisikawan medis dan staf administrasi, yang satu membahas tidak adanya pelatihan dan kurangnya SDM. Pengawasan ada empat artikel yang membahasnya Sedangkan datu artikel membahas dampak radiasi pada pekerja.
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