Pisang Raja is an important local banana cultivar in the economy and cultural life in Indonesia, especially at Java. There are many Pisang Raja cultivars found on Java Island with various local names in each region, resulted in problems on taxonomic identification and grouping. Conventional research for grouping banana cultivars is still using morphological characters but considered inaccurate because of its subjectivity. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity, grouping, and genome estimation of 13 local cultivars of Pisang Raja based on molecular approach using RAPD markers (OPA primers 1-20). Clustering and Principal Coordinates Analysis were performed to the amplified products using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) application version 3.15. Results showed that there were 12 primers which successfully amplified and produced DNA polymorphic bands in Pisang Raja, specifically OPA 1, OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA 4, OPA 5, OPA 8, OPA 16, OPA 17, OPA 18, OPA 19, and OPA 20. Pisang Raja cultivars considered have high genetic diversity, indicated by high polymorphic bands (95.17%) and low similarity coefficient values (0.2-0.6). Clustering and PCo analysis resulted in 3 clusters following its genomic group consist of AAA, AAB and ABB genomes, with Pisang Raja Bali as an outgroup (ABB). However, the separation of each cluster for genome inference was unclear. Cluster 1 consists of Pisang Raja Madu (AAB) and Raja Sereh (AAB). Cluster 2 consists of AAA and AAB genomes; includes Pisang Raja Jambe (AAA), Raja Kriyak (AAA), Raja Kutuk (AAB), Raja Brentel (AAB), Raja Seribu (AAB), and Raja Lini (AAB). Cluster 3 consists of AAA and AAB genomes, includes Pisang Raja Kisto (AAA), Raja Delima (AAA), Raja Bandung (AAB) and Raja Gareng (AAB). While Pisang Monyet (AAw) and Klutuk Wulung (BBw) as wild relatives were nested in Cluster 2. There were some different results of genome estimation based on RAPD markers compared to morphological characterization, and other molecular techniques. The use of RAPD markers is quite efficient and effective for studying genetic diversity and identifying genomes in bananas.

Recently, obesity has been recognized as a global health and economic problem due to rising health care cost for sufferers. 3 Current conventional health care for obese people still uses synthetic drugs that are known to have many side effects and reduce quality of life. 5 Therefore, many studies have been conducted to prevent and reduce diabetes. One of the studies was conducted by utilizing the bioactive and pharmacogenic potential of natural ingredients in herbal medicines as anti-obesity. P. oleracea is a cosmopolitan succulent species of the Porthulaceae family that is distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. 6 This plant is reported as one of the herbal medicines that has been widely used in treating degenerative diseases such as liver disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia. [7][8][9] Several studies showed that this plant was able to reduce glucose levels in mice on days 7 and 14 (dose of 125, 250, 500 mg/ kg) (P < 0.05). 10 Based on the potential effects of P. oleracea and the many scientific publications regarding the potential of purslane to treat obesity and overweight, the purpose of this review article is to discuss and conclude the potential of P. oleracea in treating obesity, overweight and other diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome.

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease is still widely spread across the world causing catastrophic effect in both human life and global economy. By the end of year 2021, it has caused a total of 5.437.636 deaths across the world. Indonesia has rich plant biodiversity including medicinal plants that may be used for combating the virus. One of the commonly used medicinal plants comes from Allium species and it has been proved to have antiviral activity. Conducting an in silico study, we screened bioactive compounds that came from Allium sativum to fight against coronavirus through the inhibition of 3CL-Pro, one of the major protease that have an active role for viral replication. Molecular docking of compounds from Allium sativum to 3CL-Pro resulting in the discovery of 5 compounds that have the best binding affinity to 3CL-Pro, which are squalene, 1,4-dihydro-2,3-benzoxathiin 3-oxide, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, trans-13-octadecenoic acid and methyl-11-hexadecenoate with binding affinity of -7, -6.5, -5.9, -5.7 and -5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. It is very likely that these compounds can be candidates for therapeutic agents and these candidates need to be studied further.

Background The identification of banana cultivars genome is needed to provide a valid identity from the accession of bananas which are used as basic data in the management of in situ and ex situ banana conservation as well as for further breeding of banana cultivars. Results The size of PCR-amplified matK ranged from 844 to 860 bp and showed a high variability. The haplotype diversity was 0.9048 with nine haplotypes. Haplotype distribution map revealed the lineage patterns of banana cultivars from Java. Reconstruction of genetic relationships using the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference algorithms produces tree topologies and classifications that are grouped according to their genomic groups, into three main clades, i.e., AA/AAA, AAB and ABB. Based on the previously derived age constraints and fossil data, we estimate (Musaceae) that genetic divergence times of all samples occurred during the Eocene (95% HPD: 51.9 Mya), Musa acuminata group (AA, AAA, AAB) with Musa balbisiana group (BB and ABB) occurred during the Oligocene (95% HPD: 26 Mya), and the separation on each banana cultivars occurred during the Middle Miocene to Pliocene (95% HPD: 16.5–2.5 Mya). Conclusions From this study, we conclude that all studied cultivars are closely related according to its genomic groups with high variation. Genetic variation among those cultivars creates nine haplotypes. The development of variety which leads to the formation of different banana cultivars had suggested to be occurred long ago along with human migration and domestication.

Sample preparationThe components of the bioactive ligands found in juwet and moringa are gallic acid (CID: 370), ellagic acid (CID: 5281855), corilagin (CID: 73568), moringyne (CID: 131751186), myricetin (CID: 5281672), chlorogenic acid (CID: 1794427), vitexin (CID: 5280441), and nirmatrelvir (CID: 155903259) as a control. Ligand structure data were obtained

Sample preparationThe bioactive components found in purslane are apigenin, isorhamnetin, and luteolin. Meanwhile, star anise has shikimic acid, illicinole, and illicinone A. Data were provided by PubChem. Furthermore, non-structural target protein databases TMPRSS2 and PLpro were obtained from RSCB PDB.

Vegetable pesticides are one of the agricultural inputs that are supportive of organic farming systems. Plants that have characteristics such as taste, smell, secondary metabolites can use as vegetable pesticides. Plants commonly used for vegetable pesticides include papaya, soursop, tobacco. The advantages of vegetable pesticides are cheap materials, simple processing, chemical-free, and environmentally friendly. The mortality rate of pests, diseases, and weeds by spraying botanical pesticides varies depending on the type of plant material, the life phase of the pest/disease/weed, and environmental conditions. This counseling and training activity, spearheaded by the Community Service Team of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University, collaborates with the local village government. This activity aims to socialize vegetable pesticides to control shallot pests in Ngumpul Village, Nganjuk Regency. The applications of organic farming systems using vegetable pesticides in the cultivation of shallots will increase yields and healthy products. Fulfilling the need for organic fertilizers and vegetable pesticides does not depend on the outside because the farmers are independent in producing them. In the future, vegetable pesticide products, in particular, can be a new opportunity to support the economy of farmers and society in general.Pestisida nabati merupakan salah satu input pertanian yang sangat mendukung dalam sistem pertanian organik. Tumbuhan yang mempunyai ciri khas baik rasa, bau, senyawa metabolit sekunder dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembuatan pestisida nabati. Tumbuh-tumbuhan yang biasa digunakan untuk bahan pembuatan pestisida nabati, antara lain pepaya, sirsak, tembakau. Kelebihan pestisida nabati adalah bahan murah, sederhana pengolahannya, bebas bahan kimia dan ramah lingkungan. Tingkat kematian hama, penyakit maupun gulma dengan penyemprotan pestisida nabati bervariasi tergantung dari jenis bahan tumbuhan, fase hidup hama/penyakit/gulma maupun kondisi lingkungan. Kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan pestisida nabati ini diinisiasi oleh Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Kadiri bekerjasama dengan Pemerintah Desa setempat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mensosialisasikan pestisida nabati dari daun papaya untuk mengendalikan hama pada tanaman bawang merah di Desa Ngumpul, Kecamatan Bagor, Kabupaten Nganjuk. Penerapan sistem pertanian organik menggunakan pestisida nabati dalam budidaya tanaman bawang merah dapat meningkatkan hasil dan produk yang sehat. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pupuk organik maupun pestisida nabati tidak bergantung dari luar karena kemandirian petani dalam memproduksinya. Kedepannya produk pestisida nabati dapat menjadi peluang baru dalam menunjang perekonomian petani maupun masyarakat pada umumnya.

Conservation and genetic assessment of wild banana relatives is important for future breeding purposes. Haplotype network analysis was conducted to wild banana relatives comprised Ensete glaucum, Musa acuminata and Musa balbisianausing rbcL gene sequences. Sequences characterization showed high conservation level (91%), low indels (1.83%), and low parsimony informatives (3.51%). However, it was powerfull to separate the dataset at families, genera and species level; and moderately to separate at intraspecies level of wild bananas. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of wild bananas were high. At intraspecies level, both M. acuminata and M. balbisiana showed high haplotype diversity but low nucelotide diversity among haplotypes; M. acuminata has higher value than M. balbisiana. No haplotype and nucleotide diversity in E. glaucum. Wild bananas were separated into seven haplotypes, with four haplogroups. Mutational pathway revealed that E. glaucum haplotype became root; and was closely related to M. balbisiana than M. acuminata. M. acuminata var. malaccensis haplotype became root within all M. acuminata varieties, and each haplotype differed by single point mutation.