The Sidimpuan snake fruit ( Salacca sumatrana Becc.) tree flowers throughout the year. However, the fruits are produced seasonally. The level of production is directly related to flowering and fruit set. A low level of fruit formation results in a low number of fruits that can be harvested. A deeper understanding of the phenology of flowering and fruit set in Sidimpuan snake fruit may help solve the problem of low off-season production, and is the focus of this study. The study was conducted in the village of Palopat Maria, a subdistrict of Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Indonesia. The methodology included surveys and descriptive analysis with direct counting of inflorescences and fruits on each sample plant twice a week over each of three sampling periods (May–August 2016, September–December 2016, and January–April 2017). The results showed that the Sidimpuan snake fruit is a monoecious plant with hermaphrodite flowers. The inflorescences set at the base of the midrib of the fronds every 1.0–1.5 months. The plants had five–six flowering stages, and two–three stages of fruit set were observed. The period between the appearance of new flowers and fruit harvest lasted 5–6 months. The highest average number of flower bunches was observed in the January–April flowering period (6.23/tree) and the lowest was in May–August (5.33/tree, i.e., 14% less). The number of fruit bunches was the highest in May–August (4.37/tree), and the lowest in September–December, and was more than 40% less. Analysis of variance indicated that the flowering period significantly affected the percentage of fruit set. The highest fruit set was 85.5% during May–August, and the lowest was 44.0% during September–December. The average leaf nitrogen content in the flowering period of May–August and September–December was significantly different and higher than that in January–April. The average levels of phosphorus and potassium did not vary significantly throughout the year. The difference in fruit set affected the level of production in each flowering season.
Sidimpuan snake fruit is one of the local specialties of Padangsidimpuan City in Sumatra. The fruit is known for its sweet, sour and astringent taste which differentiates it from Pondoh and Balinese snake fruit. However, snake fruit farmers have been experiencing an increasing failure rate of fruit-set during the off-season which has led to a decrease in production.   Use fertilization and drip irrigation in the off-season has been suggested as a solution. This research investigates the use of these to overcome the failure of fruit set to optimize production of Sidimpuan snake fruit throughout the year by determining the optimal dosage of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and drip irrigation for fruit set and production in the off-season. This research used a split-plot design with the main plot for drip irrigation and the subplot for ammonium sulfate. Observation parameters include the number of flower and fruit bunches, fruit set percentage and a nutrient analysis of the leaves. The results revealed that drip irrigation had a significant effect on the observed variables of fruit set and number of harvested fruit bunches. Drip irrigation had a significant effect on the fruit set percentage and the number of harvested fruit bunches. The best combination of treatments was also discovered to be 400 g ammonium sulfate fertilizer per plant and drip irrigation 3000 ml/plant. The fertilization period of July-Sept gave an off season harvest that was able to match the fruit set percentage (10.76% difference) and number of fruit bunches that were formed (25.65% difference ) by the April-June fertilization for the on-season harvest demonstrating that drip irrigation and ammonium sulfate can overcome fruit set failure in Sidimpuan snake fruit during the off-season.
The kimalaka plant (Phyllanthus emblica L.), known as „balakka”, by the people of North Sumatra, with the English translation is called indian gooseberry [1] and is called “popok melaka” in Malaysia [2]. The kimalaka plant is a commodity with great potential to be developed, one of which is due to the high content of vitamin C so that the kimalaka plant has many health benefits. Especially in the Padangsidimpuan area and its surroundings, this kimalaka plant is more widely known as a mixture of traditional cooking spices, with the name of the food being called „holat”.The widespread conversion of land into smallholder plantations with commodities such as rubber and oil palm is one of the threats to the extinction of the kimalaka plant. Lack of information about the kimalaka plant is also the cause of the underdevelopment of this kimalaka cultivation. Kimalaka seed with a very hard seed coat is a factor causing kimalaka seed dormancy. So before planting, there must be a treatment to break dormancy. This study aims to see and observe the effect of various sulfuric acid concentrations to break the dormancy of kimalaka seeds. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with one factor, namely the concentration of sulfuric acid with 4 levels, namely: A0 = Control, A1 = 4%, A2 = 6%, A3 = 8%. The observation variables were the percentage of germination (%), plant height (cm), and the number of leaves. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the treatment of sulfuric acid concentration was significantly different in all observation variables. The treatment that gave the best effect on all observation parameters was sulfuric acid at a concentration of 8%. In future research, it is suggested to increase the sulfuric acid concentration.
Salak Sidimpuan is one of the superior commodities of Padang Sidimpuan that taste sweet, sour and make it different from Pondoh and Bali. Physiological conditions will greatly affect the growth and development plant especially the phase of flowering and fruit formation. Other factors that affect the flowering phase and fruit formation are nutritional status and relative water content in the plant. The purposes of study to get the best concentration of Potassium and Boron on fruit formation and Sidimpuan zalacca production off season. This research was conducted at Palopat Maria village, Padang Sidimpuan City. This study was conducted from July 2017 to March 2018. The experiment was conducted Split Plot Design with three replications. The main factor is the potassium fertilizer i.e. without potassium, 20 g and 40 g / tree potassium. The subplot is the B fertilizer dosage i.e. without fertilizer B, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm/tree. The results showed that Sidimpuan Salak Plant was a hermaphrodite flowering plant, carried out its own pollination and the time it took from flower up fruit ready to harvest about 5.5 to 6 months. The highest number of fruit Bunches (8.74 bunches) was obtained at 20 g / plant while in B 3000 ppm / tree was 9:01 bunches.
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