What motivates minority group members to support other minorities, rather than compete for resources? We tested whether inclusive victim consciousness -i.e., perceived similarities between the ingroup's and outgroups' collective victimizationpredicts support for other minority groups; and whether personal and family experiences of group-based victimization moderate these effects. Study 1 was conducted among members of historically oppressed groups in India. As hypothesized, inclusive victim consciousness predicted support for refugees. Personal experiences of group-based victimization moderated this effect. Conceptually replicating these findings, in Study 2 (among Vietnamese Americans, mostly second-generation immigrants) inclusive victim consciousness predicted less hostility toward other refugees and immigrants, and greater perceived responsibility to help victims of collective violence. This effect was moderated by family experiences of victimization.

Most social psychological research on collective victimhood has examined its consequences for intergroup relations. Less attention has been paid to individual and intragroup processes associated with collective victimization, which the present study aimed to examine. We conducted eight focus group interviews among four diaspora communities (Armenian Americans, Burundian refugees, Jewish Americans, Nepali‐speaking Bhutanese refugees) with historical or more recent experiences of collective victimization. Thematic analysis revealed three major foci shared across communities (but with different emphases within each focus), which included juxtaposed themes that highlight the two‐sided nature of experiencing and coping with collective victimization and its aftermath: Vulnerability and struggle versus resilience and strength, loss versus continuity and renewal, and silence about versus transmission of knowledge about ingroup victimization. These findings illustrate how groups integrate seemingly opposite poles of collective victimization that characterize this complex and multifaceted experience, which has important theoretical implications.

Although our experiences are shaped by multiple social identities such as race, class, and gender, most research has focused on single‐identity groups (e.g., race). This includes research on collective victimization, which assumes that violence impacts group members uniformly. Conversely, work on intersectional consciousness examines awareness of how multiple social identities intersect and create within‐group differences. Integrating and expanding the research on intersectional consciousness and on collective victimhood, this article investigates perceived intragroup differences in experiences of victimization stemming from intersecting identities of gender and class among two disadvantaged groups in the understudied context of India. We conducted individual interviews (N = 33) and focus groups (K = 12; N = 66) among Muslims and Dalits (lower‐caste Hindus). Thematic analysis revealed that—even though ingroup cohesion (i.e., intragroup similarity) is often enhanced by external threat— people expressed awareness of intragroup differences in experiences of victimization in three distinct ways: highlighting relative privilege, engaging in competitive victimhood, or describing qualitative differences. We discuss the implications for conflict and solidarity within minority groups in the context of political developments in India, where there have been attempts to polarize intragroup divisions.

Objectives To determine the relationship between the preoperative macular height of a macular detachment and visual outcome of the post retinal reattachment. Methods Prospective case series of 26 patients who presented to the Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary with a primary rhegmatogenous macula-off retinal detachment. Macular detachment height was assessed by B-scan ultrasound (10 Mhz) in the seated and supine postures before surgery. Age, gender, duration of the detachment, type of surgery, preoperative (pre-op) and postoperative (post-op) visual acuities at 3 and 6 months and status of the fellow eye were noted. Results A total of 26 eyes of 26 patients (mean age: 61.4 years±15.56 SD) were recruited. The mean logMAR pre-and post-op visual acuities at 3 and 6 months were 1.5 ± 1.1 SD (range: 0.2-3), 0.38 ± 0.23 SD (range: 0-0.84), and at 6 months 0.29 ± 0.22 SD (range: 0-1.0). The median period of the macular detachment was 4.5 days (95% CI: 2-8 days). There was no significant difference between the mean macular heights while seated 2.42 mm±1.2 or supine 2.39 mm ± 1.0 (t-test, P ¼ 0.9). Correlation showed that the pre-op macular height is a statistical predictor of post-op visual acuity in our group of patients with macula-off retinal detachments. Conclusions The shallower the macular detachment the greater the likelihood of a good visual outcome.

Social psychological research on relations between oppressed groups has highlighted the role of how people compare their own and other groups’ oppression—that is, comparative victim beliefs. However, this research has examined comparative victim beliefs concerning single‐identity groups such as ethnicity or religion. Consequently, beliefs regarding experiences of oppression based on multiple intersecting identities (e.g., race, class, and gender)—that is, intersectional consciousness—have been overlooked. Integrating research on comparative victim beliefs and intersectional consciousness, we investigated perceived privilege and oppression linked with peoples’ intersecting identities that can inform relations between oppressed communities—specifically, between Dalits (lower castes) and Muslims in the understudied context of India. Thematic analysis of individual interviews (N = 33) and focus groups (K = 12; N = 66) revealed distinct beliefs of differences and commonalities linked with intersectional experiences that can be sources of solidarity or tensions between oppressed groups. Along with making significant theoretical contributions, this research holds important implications for policymakers and activists who aim to forge coalitions between oppressed groups.