Straipsnyje nagrinėjama studentų motyvacija aktyviai dalyvauti verslumo ugdymo praktikoje. Analizuojamos priežastys, veiksniai ir priemonės, sąlygojančios didesnę motyvaciją verslumo žinių įsisavinimui bei praktinių įgūdžių įgyvendinimui. Straipsnio tikslas -identifikuoti ir empiriš-kai patikrinti ir pateikti rekomendacijas, užtikrinančias studentų aktyvų dalyvavimą verslumo ugdymo praktikoje. Tyrimo metodų pagrindą sudaro moksliniai darbai apie motyvacijos sampratos raidą, šiuolaikinį požiūrį, motyvacijos įtaką aktyviam įsitraukimui į veiklą. Darbe išanalizuota mokslinė literatūra, atliktas tyrimas ir pateiktos rekomendacijos, kurios gali būti pritaikomos kitose imitacinėse įmonėse Lietuvoje ir užsienyje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: motyvacija, veiksniai, motyvavimo priemonės, verslumo ugdymas. JEL kodai: I21,M120, M130. ĮvadasVerslumas -tai "asmens mąstymo būdas ir socialinės, vadybinės bei asmeninės kompetencijos, leidžiančios turimas žinias pritaikyti savo kasdieniniam gyvenimui, t. y. konkretūs gebėjimai, teikiantys galimybę ne tik organizuoti savo verslą, bet ir prisiimti riziką už padarytus sprendimus" (Ekonominio raštingumo... 2004).Verslumo ugdymo esmė siejama su studento mokymusi ir tobulėjimu, su asmenybės susiformavimu ir būsima studento karjera, kad ateityje jam pavyktų sėk-mingai vadovauti sau arba įsidarbinti konkurencinėje darbo rinkoje. Studentas, kuris tobulins savo gebėjimus veikti geriau, rezultatyviau ir efektyviau, galės paspartinti savo pajamų ir gyvenimo kokybės rezultatus. Svarbu, kad mokantis verslumo, studentas ne tik pasyviai kauptų žinias, bet ir aktyviai dalyvautų ugdymo procese.Verslumo ugdymas yra nukreiptas į studentų asmenybės vystymą. Šiuo atveju tikslai apibrėžia verslumo perspektyvas, o studentams reikia patiems nuspręsti, kokių gebėjimų ir savybių jiems reikia. Kiekvienas dirba dėl pinigų, pripažinimo ar kitų dalykų. Tai yra išorės veiksniai, kurie skatina veikti, t. y. motyvuoja. Tačiau visiems žmonėms svarbi ir vidinė motyvacija, t. y. jų pačių pasitenkinimas atliktu darbu. Kiekvienam studentui svarbu atrasti savyje savimotyvacijos, aktyvumo sužadinimo būdus.Tyrimo objektas. Motyvavimo veiksniai ir priemonės.
Research background. Ethics covers various areas of life: personal, public and professional relations. Personal ethics studies the well-being of certain individual and their development methods. Social ethics emphasizes well-being of society, duties of individual persons in the society. In the professional ethics the main attention is paid to the behaviour of the representatives of a special field (Raipa, 2001). Employees working in public sector inevitably stick with ethic and working culture problems. Perhaps even more often than the representatives of other fields because they constantly communicate with people, help them to solve their problems every day, inform people about new products (Wagner-Tsukamoto, 2005). When having some contact with employees, people judge the morality and working culture of higher officers and the whole sector according to their behaviour (Chen, 2005). Therefore ethics and working culture of public sector employees should be as high as possible. Ethics is important not only in communication with customers (external environment), it is also important internally in the organization, in the mutual relations between colleagues and staff members (Palidauskaite, 2001). Ethical problems might cause different consequences. Some of them are solved almost unnoticed; the others have strong impact on persons or organizations. Ethical problems might occur and disappear or have a continuous character. The purpose of the work was to disclose the importance of ethics and working culture of the employees in the Klaipėda municipality sector. Object of the work was ethics and working culture of the employees. Methods. In this paper we used analysis of scientific literature, analysis of legislation, questionnaire survey, statistical analysis of the data, graphical modelling, specifying and summarizing, and logical abstraction methods. We also analysed scientific and practical materials of national and foreign authors (Raipa, 2001; Palidauskaitė, 2001; Chen, 2005; Fassin, 2005). In order to disclose the importance of ethics and working culture of the employees we chose municipality of Klaipeda region for the research. Conclusions. Organizations are unlikely to have just a single overarching culture. Instead, multiple cultures or subcultures are often present. Organizational cultures are shared experiences resulting from both low-and high profile successes and failures, patterns of conduct, and selfregulating practices. Ethics and working culture in the work of public sector are nonetheless important than in the work of other professions because they have to communicate with people every day. Work culture change is a process of giving and taking by all members of an organization. Formalizing strategic direction, systems development, and establishing measurements must be owned by the group responsible for them. Conflicts in the work of public sector are the negative appearance because of their negative impact on the person itself and the people around - customers, colleagues. It has a negative impact on the efficiency of work, communication, working atmosphere. The employees of Klaipeda municipality who participated in the survey agreed with the opinion that the standards of ethics applicable to the public officers are stricter than those applied to ordinary citizens and also the proper image of the employee helps to support public confidence in service. Keywords: working culture, ethics, employees, public sector.
Relationship between clients and consultants reveals and develops during the process of communication, for then not only do people interact, but also get to know each other. Methods of consulting should be based on information and applied in a mare precise and understandable manner. Clients and consultants should discuss and argue when trying to protect their opinion, as well as to develop tolerance to the weaknesses of others. Em-pirical survey showed that clients consider the factors which, in their opinion, directly determine the efficiency of consulting to be mare important. Consultants, similarly to clients claim that the factors of various capacities and competence are also relevant. However, factors related to the methodology of consulting are considered to be of the same importance. When assessing the influence of interpersonal factors to client and consultant relationship, both the consultants and clients indicated the importance and ability to manage conflicts as one of the important aspects of ethical conduct during a consultation. However, clients considered the factor of communi-cation skills to be of a higher importance. They wished the consultant had tried to look from their angle and even eager for an emotional contact.
Human rights are one of the most popular topics in modern global communities. Therefore, the adoption of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Equal Opportunities and the establishment of the institution that governs the execution of this law is a significant legal step which permits to actually ensure the compliance of one of the most fundamental rights of the individual, i.e. nondiscrimination on the basis of gender. Equality, being one of the fundamental principles of human rights, is governed by international contracts and legal acts of t he Republic of Lithuania. The results of the questionnaires permit to claim that the administration of Kaunas district municipality pays too little attention to the provision of the information about the Law on Equal Opportunities of the Republic of Lithuania and amendments where of to the employees of Kaunas district municipality. Thus there are a lot of problems related to the provision of equal opportunities to the employees at work.
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