BackgroundDoppler ultrasonography is an important tool for evaluating hepatic portal hemodynamics. However, no study in dogs of different body weights, in the range encountered in routine clinical veterinary practice, has been reported. It can be difficult to obtain an ideal insonation angle when evaluating the main portal vein, so evaluation of the right portal vein branch has been described in humans as an alternative. The aim of this study was to analyze, through Doppler ultrasonography, the hemodynamics in the right portal vein branch in dogs of different body weights.MethodsThirty normal dogs were divided in three groups by weight, in order to establish normal values for mean velocity, flow volume and portal congestion index of the right portal vein branch by means of Doppler ultrasonography.ResultsIn all dogs ideal insonation angles were obtained for the right portal vein branch. The average velocity was similar in the three groups, but the portal congestion index and the flow volume differed, showing that the weight of the dog can influence these values.ConclusionDoppler ultrasonography for the evaluation of flow in the right branch of the portal vein could be a viable alternative, or complement, to examining the main vessel segment. This is especially so in those animals in which an ideal insonation angle for examination of the main portal vein is hard to obtain. In addition, the weight of the dog must be considered for the correct evaluation of the portal system hemodynamics, particularly for portal blood flow and the congestion index.

Abdominal ultrasonography was performed in six healthy adult brown howler monkeys Alouatta fusca and the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the liver, gallbladder, stomach and urinary tract described for the first time. Findings were compared with post‐mortem studies. The renal cortex was isoechoic to the spleen and isoechoic or hyperechoic to the liver. Kidney length and renal arterial resistive index, systolic and diastolic velocity were calculated. The liver showed a homogeneous hypoechogenic echotexture. The aim of this study was to describe the normal abdominal viscera echoanatomy providing information of normal abdominal anatomical structures in the howler monkey.

ABSTRACT:The diameters and areas of portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta are useful measurements in dogs. These values can be easily measured by ultrasonographic exam, and variations of normality can be an important indicator of hepatic or extra-hepatic alterations. This study aimed to measure the diameter and areas of portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta in healthy dogs, with normal corporal score, divided in groups according to the body weight, and assess whether the data are influenced by animal weight. Thirty dogs were examined and divided into three groups (Group A: ≤ 10 kg Group B: from 10.1 to 20.0 kg; Group C: ≥ 20.1 kg). To measure the diameters and areas of portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta, the animal was kept in left lateral decubitus position and the transducer was placed on the right lateral abdominal wall, at approximately the 10 th or 11 th intercostal space, in the porta hepatis region. The diameters and areas of the portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta were significantly lower for dogs in Group A with respect to other groups and the dogs from Groups B and C had similar results with each other. The diameters and areas of the portal vein, caudal vena cava and abdominal aorta may vary with the animal size, and reference values must be specific for small, medium and large dogs. Key words: abdominal vessels; area; diameter; measurement; ultrasonographic exam AVALIAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA, REALIZADA PELO EXAME ULTRASSONOGRÁFICO, DA VEIA PORTA, VEIA CAVA CAUDAL E AORTA ABDOMINAL EM CÃES SAUDÁVEIS DE DIFERENTES PESOS CORPÓREOS RESUMO:Os diâmetros e áreas da veia porta, veia cava caudal e aorta abdominal são mensurações importantes a serem realizadas durante o exame ultrassonográfico abdominal no cão. Tais valores podem ser facilmente mensurados, e a detecção de valores fora do padrão de normalidade pode ser considerada um importante indicador de alterações hepáticas, ou extrahepáticas. O objetivo deste estudo é mensurar os diâmetros e as áreas da veia porta, veia cava caudal e da aorta abdominal em cães hígidos, divididos em grupos, de acordo com o peso corporal, para determinar valores de normalidade e avaliar a influência do peso corpóreo nestes valores. Foram examinados 30 cães divididos em três grupos (Grupo A: ≤ 10 kg; Grupo B: de 10,1 a 20,0 kg; Group C: ≥ 20,1 kg). Para medir os diâmetros e áreas da veia porta, veia cava caudal, e aorta abdominal, os animais foram mantidos em decúbito lateral esquerdo e o transdutor foi posicionado na parede abdominal lateral direita, aproximadamente no 10º ou 11º espaço intercostal, na região porta hepatis. Os diâmetros e áreas da veia porta, veia cava caudal e aorta abdominal, foram menores nos cães do Grupo A com relação aos outros Grupos (P<0,01), enquanto os cães dos Grupos B e C tiveram resultados semelhantes entre eles (P> 0,05). Concluiu-se que tanto o diâmetro quanto a área da veia porta, veia cava caudal e aorta abdominal variam com o tamanho do animal, e os valores de referência devem ser específicos de ...

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RESUMO.-[Aprofundamento do acetábulo no tratamento de displasia coxofemoral grave em cães.] Uma técnica para restituir a anatomia acetabular com aprofundamento da cavidade acetabular e reconstrução do ligamento da cabeça do fêmur e da cápsula articular, foi testada em nove cães, de raças de grande porte, portadores de displasia coxofemoral grave com subluxação acentuada ou luxação. O procedimento cirúrgico foi constituído de duas fases. Inicialmente, foi realizada a pectineotomia bilateral em todos os cães. A segunda intervenção nos mesmos cães incluiu abordagem e aprofundamento do acetábulo, reconstrução do ligamento da cabeça do fêmur e da cápsula. Em geral, 30 dias após a cirurgia, os cães apoiavam o membro operado para se locomover. Com exceção de dois cães, todos os outros recuperaram a função locomotora do membro pélvico dentro de 60-90 dias. É concluído que a técnica de acetabuloplastia é uma boa alternativa para o tratamento da displasia coxofemoral grave.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Doenças de cães, cirurgia, displasia coxofemoral, acetabuloplastia. INTRODUCTIONHip dysplasia (HD) is the abnormal development of the hip joint (Fossum et al. 2002, Olmstead 2003. It can be bilateral and manifests as varying degrees of looseness of soft tissues adjacent to femoral head, acetabulum instability and malformation, and degenerative joint disease (DJD) (Brinker et al. 1999). It's a quantitative polygenic disease, influenced by non-genetic factors and characterized by well-defined phenotypic classes which includes normal and affected individuals with varying degrees of severity. Thus, some dogs may present HD-related genes without presenting the disease (Dal-Farra & Kilp 1998).HD generally manifests as painful, gradually incapacitating condition, mainly affecting large and giant canine breeds (Piermattei & Flo 1997 Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: raquelsartor@yahoo.com.br A technique to restore acetabular anatomy by deepening the acetabular cavity and reconstructing the femoral head ligament and the joint capsule was tested on nine large breed dogs with severe hip dysplasia and acute subdislocation or dislocation. The technique consisted of two phases. First, all dogs were submitted to bilateral pectinotomy. In a second surgical intervention on the same dogs the acetabulum was approached and deepened, and the femoral head ligament and the joint capsule were reconstructed. In general, within 30 days of the surgery dogs could stand on the operated member to walk. Except for two dogs, all the others recovered pelvic member locomotive ability within 60-90 days after surgery. It is concluded that acetabuloplasty is a good alternative for treatment of severe canine hip dysplasia.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of dogs, surgery, hip dysplasia, acetabuloplasty.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar as características e as mensurações ultrassonográficas do baço entre cães e gatos filhotes hígidos, estabelecendo padrões de normalidade e valores de referência. Foram utilizados 15 cães e 15 gatos machos hígidos, raça mista e idade média de seis meses. Os mesmos foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo grupo G1 com 15 cães filhotes com peso médio de 3 kg e grupo G2 com 15 gatos filhotes com peso médio de 2 kg. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame ultrassonográfico do baço para visibilização das características internas e mensuração do órgão. As características estruturais ultrassonográficas do baço foram analisadas e comparadas entre as duas espécies de forma descritiva por meio de imagens obtidas no exame. As mensurações foram comparadas estatisticamente usando-se o programa SPSS®, com análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido do Teste de Tukey (P ˂ 0,05). Em ambos os grupos, foi observado que as artérias esplênicas apresentaram menor diâmetro luminar em relação às veias esplênicas. Nos cães e gatos filhotes, a ecotextura foi visibilizada homogênea e finamente granular. O baço dos cães filhotes tende a ser maior em comprimento (6,87 ± 0,03 cm) e largura (5,95 ± 0,07 cm) em relação ao comprimento (4,53 ± 0,02 cm) e largura (4,55 ± 0,04) nos gatos filhotes. Concluiu-se que não existe diferença de ecotextura e ecogenicidade esplênica entre o cão filhote e gato filhote e o baço dos cães filhotes apresentrou dimensões maiores, em comprimento e largura, em relação aos gatos filhotes.

In February 2021 a 28 years old woman presented with effort dyspnea. She refers a history of post caesarean section sepsis treated with antibiotic therapy. At TTE and following TEE: thickening of the interatrial septum, protruding neoformation in the left atrium as well as mitral valve steno–insufficency related to infiltration of the neoformation. The patient was then referred for cardiac surgery in Vicenza. The resection of the neoformation infiltrating the left atrium, interatrial septum, leaflet, annulus and papillary muscles of the mitral valve was performed (minithoracotomy). Finally valve replacement with Hanckock bioprosthesis no. 27 was performed. Extemporaneous histological examination showed a possible intimal sarcoma, which was subsequently confirmed (G3, IV stadium, MDM2+). At CT angiography evidence of vascular involvement (VCI and pulmonary vein) and possible secondary sites. The patient was referred to the regional reference centre (C.R.O. Aviano) where she was treated with six cycles of chemotherapy with EpiADM and Ifofosfamide, resulting in excellent remission of the tumour. At control PET/CT with FDG (01/22) substantial absence of disease. Intimal sarcoma (ISA) is an exceedingly rare undifferentiated sarcoma that arises in the pulmonary artery and less frequently in the aorta or its branches. ISAs behave highly aggressive with a mean patients’ survival ranging from 5 to 18 months. Patients with ISA are mostly of middle age at diagnosis and typically present with non–specific symptoms, which sometimes masquerades as thromboembolic disease. Thus, patients are often diagnosed in an advanced disease stage. Furthermore, ISAs are often reported to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy.