Aims The aims were to: (1) identify, monitor and analyse the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of the alcohol industry in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and (2) examine whether the alcohol industry is using these actions to market their products and brands. Methods Nine health experts from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay conducted a content analysis of 218 CSR activities using a standardized protocol. A content rating procedure was used to evaluate the marketing potential of CSR activities as well as their probable population reach and effectiveness. The LEAD procedure (longitudinal, expert and all data) was applied to verify the accuracy of industry-reported descriptions. Results A total of 55.8% of the actions were found to have a marketing potential, based on evidence that they are likely to promote brands and products. Actions with marketing potential were more likely to reach a larger audience than actions classified with no marketing potential. Most actions did not fit into any category recommended by the World Health Organization; 50% of the actions involving classroom and college education for young people were found to have marketing potential; 62.3%were classified as meeting the definition of risk management CSR. Conclusion Alcohol industry Corporate Social Responsibility activities in Latin America and the Caribbean appear to have a strategic marketing role beyond their stated philanthropic and public health purpose.
The objective of the study was to assess the use of helmets in a community where helmet use is mandatory but low as there is no police enforcement. A sample comprising 451 motorcyclists in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina, was studied in 2006. The following variables were studied: gender, type of motorcycle, weather conditions, time of the day, city area and type of road where motorcyclists traveled. Data were analyzed through a multiple logistic regression model. An overall 40% prevalence (95% CI: 35.5;44.5) of helmet use was found. Higher rates of helmet use were seen among women, and under unfavorable weather conditions, lower rates were found in the city outskirts, and variable use was seen according to the type of motorcycle. There is a need to improve law enforcement and to promote education of motorcyclists.
ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to: (1) describe alcohol industry corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions conducted across six global geographic regions; (2) identify the benefits accruing to the industry (‘doing well’); and (3) estimate the public health impact of the actions (‘doing good’).SettingActions from six global geographic regions.ParticipantsA web-based compendium of 3551 industry actions, representing the efforts of the alcohol industry to reduce harmful alcohol use, was issued in 2012. The compendium consisted of short descriptions of each action, plus other information about the sponsorship, content and evaluation of the activities. Public health professionals (n=19) rated a sample (n=1046) of the actions using a reliable content rating procedure.Outcome measuresWHO Global strategy target area, estimated population reach, risk of harm, advertising potential, policy impact potential and other aspects of the activity.ResultsThe industry actions were conducted disproportionately in regions with high-income countries (Europe and North America), with lower proportions in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Only 27% conformed to recommended WHO target areas for global action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The overwhelming majority (96.8%) of industry actions lacked scientific support (p<0.01) and 11.0% had the potential for doing harm. The benefits accruing to the industry (‘doing well’) included brand marketing and the use of CSR to manage risk and achieve strategic goals.ConclusionAlcohol industry CSR activities are unlikely to reduce harmful alcohol use but they do provide commercial strategic advantage while at the same time appearing to have a public health purpose.
More than 1.2 million people die and as many as 50 million people are injured or disabled due to road traffic injuries (RTIs) every year worldwide. The lack of reliable data hinders efforts to describe the characteristics of the issue and prioritise prevention activities. The objective was to provide a snapshot of fatal and non-fatal RTI in Argentina. We used the methodology proposed by the Global Burden of Disease Injury Expert group. External causes of deaths with unknown codes were proportionately redistributed over the known categories. In 2007 in Argentina, we estimated 5915 RTI deaths, compared with 3983 RTI deaths reported previously by the Ministry of Health, accounting for 1931 additional cases. The highest number of deaths occurred in young men (15-29 years old), although the highest RTI death rates were in the age group of 55 years and older. Four-wheeled vehicle occupants were the most common road user type killed (59.1%); vulnerable road users represented one third (29.5%) of deaths and 64% of non-fatal RTI. The national and regional estimates of RTI in Argentina should help policy makers and public-health researchers to understand the importance of RTI prevention and design specific interventions to further reduce these preventable deaths and injuries.
Objectives. Previous research from high-income countries has consistently shown an association between alcohol-related harms and neighborhood characteristics such as alcohol outlet density, but this research has not been extended to middle- and low-income countries. We assessed the role of neighborhood characteristics such as alcohol outlet density, overcrowding and crime rates, and individual characteristics including gender, age, alcohol and marijuana use, and geographic mobility associated with alcohol-related injuries in university students in Argentina. Methods. Data were collected from a randomized sample of students attending a national public university (n = 1346). Descriptive, bivariable, and multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed. Results. In the final model, on-premises alcohol outlet density—but not off-premises outlet density, overcrowding or crime—was associated with past-year and lifetime alcohol-related injury (median odds ratio = 1.16). At the individual level, quantity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI = (1.01, 1.10)) and frequency (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = (1.41,1.97)) of alcohol consumption and age (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = (0.74, 0.88)) were associated with past-year and lifetime alcohol-related injury. Conclusions. This study contributes to an area with a paucity of information from non-high-income countries, finding differences with previous literature. Objectifs: Des recherches antérieures menées dans des pays à revenu élevé ont constamment montré une association entre les méfaits liés à l’alcool et les caractéristiques du quartier telles que la densité des points de vente d’alcool, mais cette recherche n’a pas été étendue aux pays à revenu moyen et faible. Nous avons évalué le rôle des caractéristiques du quartier telles que la densité des points de vente d’alcool, la surpopulation et les taux de criminalité, et les caractéristiques individuelles, y compris le sexe, l’âge, la consommation d’alcool et de marijuana, et la mobilité géographique associée aux blessures liées à l’alcool chez les étudiants universitaires en Argentine. Méthodes: Les données ont été recueillies auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire d’étudiants fréquentant une université publique nationale (n = 1 346). Des analyses de régression logistique descriptives, bivariables et multi-niveaux ont été effectuées. Résultats: Dans le modèle final, la densité des points de vente d’alcool sur place - mais pas la densité des points de vente hors établissement, le surpeuplement ou la criminalité - était associée aux blessures liées à l’alcool au cours de la dernière année et au cours de la vie (rapport de cotes médian = 1.16). Au niveau individuel, quantité (OR = 1.05, IC à 95% = (1.01, 1.10)) et fréquence (OR = 1.66, IC à 95% = (1.41,1.97)) de consommation d’alcool et âge (OR = 0.81, 95% IC = (0.74, 0.88)) étaient associés à des blessures liées à l’alcool au cours de la dernière année et de leur vie entière. Conclusions: Cette étude contribue à un domaine où les informations sur les pays qui ne sont pas à revenu élevé sont rares, trouvant des différences avec la littérature précédente.
<p>El consumo abusivo de alcohol puede ser abandonado sin ayuda formal, sin ambargo, la información sobre este hecho es escasa, especialmente en jóvenes que adoptan este tipo de consumo. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la prevalencia de cambio natural del consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol y explorar su relación con consecuencias adversas del consumo y otras características individuales en jóvenes universitarios. En una muestra aleatoria de 828 estudiantes se evaluó el consumo excesivo episódico pasado/actual, problemas relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, uso de otras sustancias psicoactivas, género y estado civil. La prevalencia de cambio natural fue de 7%. El cambio en el consumo excesivo episódico implicó menor probabilidad de problemas psíquicos, episodios de amnesia anterógrada, lesiones, consumo de otras sustancias y una mayor probabilidad de estar en pareja. Se discute el rol de la severidad de las consecuencias en el cambio natural del consumo, posibles factores de protección y potenciales intervenciones.</p>
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