Interpreting Studies has witnessed a growing interest in language specificity and its role in cognitive processing during simultaneous interpreting. The aim of this study is to establish trainee-interpreters' perceptions of language-pair-specific difficulties when working from English into Arabic in simultaneous mode. Fifteen postgraduate interpreting students were asked to perform two simultaneous interpreting tasks, into which language-pair-specific problem triggers had been incorporated. Process data was generated by applying the method of retrospection, the objective of which was to ascertain whether the problem triggers were perceived by the participants as such, and to identify the strategies, if any, that they employed to deal with them. Subsequently, a comparison was drawn between the perceptions that the participants verbalized and their actual performances.Although the limitations of the method will be acknowledged, the use of retrospection yielded interesting data that can help enhance language-specific interpreter training. This approach is particularly innovative in the context of the language combination English-Arabic, which has received little scholarly attention to date. The information that can be gleaned from the application of the method can contribute to process-oriented research in interpreting pedagogy: "tapping into the minds" of trainee interpreters can help researchers and educators determine the factors that encumber students' performances and gain a better understanding of the development of strategic competence.

RESUMENEn la Latinoamérica contemporánea está emergiendo la necesidad apremiante de traducir los textos jurídicos de las lenguas de las antiguas potencias coloniales europeas a las muchas lenguas indígenas que se hablan en la región. En el presente artículo, abordamos este asunto en el contexto de la promulgación de leyes que dictan a los Estados el deber de defender los derechos humanos lingüísticos. Tomamos como estudio de caso la traducción de la Ley de Lenguas Indígenas peruana (2011) del español a cinco idiomas amerindios, una iniciativa que podría considerarse como una práctica poscolonial situada en la interfaz comunicativa entre el Estado y los pueblos indígenas del Perú. Nos centramos específicamente en el comportamiento estratégico de los traductores indígenas, tal como lo describen ellos mismos, al comunicar a sus pueblos la norma estatal contenida en la legislación. Para estudiar este comportamiento no aplicamos un modelo de análisis textual, sino que adoptamos un enfoque basado en las percepciones que tienen los traductores de su rol y en su motivación para adoptar determinadas estrategias de traducción. Nuestro análisis combina aspectos teóricos de los estudios de traducción, estudios jurídicos y estudios poscoloniales para explorar de forma crítica la traducción del discurso jurídico en español a las lenguas indígenas del Perú, llevada a cabo, crucialmente, por traductores bilingües que se posicionan desde su "interior cultural". RÉSUMÉEn l'Amérique latine contemporaine, le besoin de traduire les textes juridiques des langues des anciennes puissances coloniales européennes dans les nombreuses langues autochtones parlées dans la région est criant. Dans cet article, nous abordons les questions concernant cette initiative dans le cadre de l'obligation des États de faire respecter les droits humains linguistiques. Nous y étudions la traduction de la Loi péruvienne des langues (2011) de l'espagnol en cinq langues amérindiennes, qui sera considérée comme une pratique postcoloniale située à l'interface de la communication entre l'Etat et les populations autochtones du Pérou. Notre intérêt spécifique est le comportement stratégique des traducteurs autochtones, tel que décrit par eux-mêmes, lorsqu'ils communiquent à leurs peuples les normes de l'État contenues dans la loi. Afin d'étudier ce comportement, nous n'utilisons pas l'analyse textuelle, mais nous privilégions une approche basée sur les perceptions des traducteurs de leur rôle et de leurs motivations des stratégies de traduction qu'ils ont adoptées. Notre analyse combine des aspects théoriques des études de traduction, des études juridiques et des études postcoloniales pour examiner la traduction du discours juridique de l'espagnol dans les langues indigènes du Pérou, telle qu'elle est, de manière décisive, menée par des traducteurs bilingues situés « à l'intérieur » sur le plan culturel. ABSTRACTAn urgent need is emerging in contemporary Latin America for the translation of legal texts from the languages of former European colonial powers into the...

This article examines the status of translation policy as it relates to public service interfaces between the dominant Spanish-speaking sectors of society and speakers of some of the many indigenous languages of Latin America. The article focuses on Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay, and Peru is used as a case study based on recent first-hand research. Translation policy is inherently bound up with language policy, where the latter exists. However, there is variation from state to state as to whether language rights legislation has been passed, whether it is implemented through policy, and the extent to which translation policy is part of the legislative framework. The case of Peru illustrates the need for translation and interpreting (T&I) services following conflicts and painful human rights infringements. Across the board, T&I have hitherto been ad hoc practices, giving rise to translation policy de facto. Formalized T&I training initiatives and legislative processes are now underway in Peru, and may give rise to explicit translation policies evolving there and elsewhere in the region in the future.

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Interviews have been commonly used as a data-gathering instrument in research which approaches interpreting as a socially-situated practice (e.g. Angelelli, 2004; Inghilleri, 2006 & 2012). This paper focuses on a set of six interviews conducted with indigenous community leaders who had participated in an interpreter-mediated consultation process led by the Peruvian government in the Ucayali region between March and September of 2015. The aim is not to discuss the findings derived from the interviews themselves, but, rather, to evaluate critically the implications of adapting a well-established method for the purposes of studying the role of interpreting in a novel socio-political context. The objective of the interviews was to garner information regarding the interviewees' perceptions of the role of the interpreters, not from a clients' perspective (the interpreters had been trained and employed by the government), but as end-users, or beneficiaries, of the interpreters' work. They were conducted in Spanish, which was the second language of all the interviewees, who had varying degrees of bilingualism. Thus, the underlying hypothesis was that they would have been able to evaluate the competence of the interpreters throughout the consultation process, which could color their perceptions as to their performance and also, potentially, their remit. The decision was made to depart from clear-cut methodological distinctions between types of interview and adopt a hybrid approach: the questions were open-ended, but fixed, as in structured interviews; on the other hand, the possibility of seeking clarification or of prompting a follow-up (e.g. examples) to the interviewees' answers was left open, as in semi-structured interviews. An interest in how Peruvian indigenous communities construct meaning from their experience of linguistically and culturally mediated exchanges between themselves and the state underpins the choice of method. Its potential limitations is considered and measured against the benefits of tailoring research tools to the study of new realities which result from the involvement of interpreters in emerging legislated scenarios.

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En la era de la globalización, a las compañías que tienen, o aspiran a tener, una presencia internacional se les plantea una disyuntiva inicial a la hora de plantear una campaña publicitaria: internacionalizar o localizar. La internacionalización (es decir, la producción de un mensaje publicitario que atraiga a los consumidores de los diversos ámbitos culturales a los que vaya dirigido, sin hacer concesiones a las diferencias culturales existentes entre los mismos) es una estrategia de comunicación transcultural que goza de una cierta preeminencia, a causa de la supuesta emergencia de un conjunto de valores y principios culturales compartidos en el ámbito global. Aunque esto es cuestionable, resulta necesario examinar el impacto que dicha estrategia tiene en la actividad profesional de los traductores . Aquí se analiza la concomitancia entre la teoría de la traducción y los principios del marketing intern acional, fundamentada en tres elementos comunes: el objetivo, la relación emisor- receptor y el enfoque semiótico. Se concluye que es necesario expandir el concepto de traducción tradicionalmente aceptado y avanzar hacia el reconocimiento de los traductores como comunicadores transculturales, y no mero s lingüistas. 
In the era of globalisation, multinational companies, as well as those who aim at having an international presence, are confronted with the choice to internationalise or to localise the promotion of their products. Internationalisation (i.e. the production of a promotional message that will appeal to the widest target audience possible, irrespective of their cultural setting) has emerged as an attractive strategy for cross-cultural communication, because of the assumption that a shared set of values and cultural elements exists globally. Arguable though this may be, an exploration of the impact that the deployment of internationalising strategies has on the work of translators is required. It is posited here that there is a degree of coincidence between translation theory and the principles of international marketing, which is elaborated upon vis-à-vis three common factors: the aim, the relation between the emitter and the recipient and the semiotic approach. It is concluded that the limits of translation, as conventionally perceived, need to be broadened, and that a shift towards the perception of translators as fully-fledged cross-cultural communicators, rather than linguists, is desirable