A high-fat/high-caloric maternal diet increases somatic growth, predicts the maturation of physical features, and delays reflex ontogeny during lactation, and it enhances motor performance during late adolescence. A maternal HI diet does not elicit the same influences on offspring development compared with the HH diet.

Key summary points Aim To identify the influence of sarcopenia and cachexia in prognostic markers in COVID-19 inpatients. Findings Sarcopenia is presented as a risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 inpatients. Message The accurate evaluation of nutritional abnormalities in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 may help to reduce the risk for adverse outcomes.

Introduction: Obesity is an internationally health crisis. The bariatric surgery offers treatment to reduce body weight, induce remission of obesity-related diseases and improve quality of life. Nutritional deficiencies may have been installed even before surgery, and preoperative anemia is an independent risk factor. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate iron deficiency in obese candidates for bariatric surgery, attending a nutrition ambulatory of a university hospital in Recife/Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. The patients were evaluated according to sex, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), iron and ferritin levels. Iron deficiency was classified by levels <50 Ug/dl and <65 Ug/dl for women and men, respectively. The ferritin levels classified as deficient were those below 15 ng/ml for both sexes. Data collection was performed from May 2017 to June 2018, using data from nutrition setting’s monitoring forms. Data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software version 10. Results: 75 patients were included, with prevalence of women (85.3%), mean BMI of 47.99 ± 7.56 kg/m2. The means of serum iron (n = 70) and ferritin (n = 60) were 76.33 ± 37.06 Ug/dl and 160.82 ± 159.43 ng/ml, respectively. There was a high prevalence of serum iron deficiency (62.9%); however, ferritin was deficient in only 1.7% of the study population. Conclusion: This study observed an important presence of iron deficiency in the group of obese patients evaluated, with the greatest sensitivity being detected by means of serum iron. The biochemical evaluation of the patient who will be submitted to the bariatric procedure is important, in order to avoid health issues and postoperative complications, thus helping in their recovery.

Purpose:SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to various manifestations beyond an inflammatory response, such as anorexia, hyposmia, and other symptoms that may increase the risk of nutritional disorders. Sarcopenia and cachexia (nutritional disorders) are conditions that appear to influence COVID-19 evolution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate sarcopenia and cachexia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, verifying their clinical impacts and relationship with prognostic markers. Methods: This is a case-control study involving inpatients with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis. The occurrence of sarcopenia was evaluated according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia 2 criteria, and cachexia was also evaluated. Inflammatory markers and the 4C Mortality Score were evaluated. Results: The groups were similar regarding age (p = 0.656), sex (p = 0.777), presence of comorbidities (type 2 diabetes p = 0.659; systemic arterial hypertension p = 0.427), and Body Mass Index (p = 0.657). The frequency of sarcopenia and cachexia in patients with COVID-19 was 21.9% and 28.1%, respectively. Sarcopenic patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of death (4C Mortality Score) (p = 0.038). The occurrence of sarcopenia or cachexia within the COVID-19 group was not associated with inflammatory biomarkers or a higher number of COVID-19 symptoms (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The presence of sarcopenia among COVID-19 patients increased the risk of mortality.

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