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Hypericin presented interesting anti protozoa activity when incorporated in nanocarrier systems.

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ABSTRACT. Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The coproducts tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey's test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated coproducts exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the coproducts and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets.Keywords: alternative feed, degradation, fermentation, gas production.Avaliação do valor nutricional de coprodutos da agroindústria e de alimentos por meio da composição bromatológica, da digestibilidade in vitro e da técnica de produção de gás RESUMO. Os coprodutos da agroindústria constituem uma alternativa para a utilização na nutrição animal. Foram realizados ensaios com oito tipos de coprodutos e alimentos para avaliar a composição bromatológica, a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, a proteína bruta e a fibra em detergente neutro, bem como a produção de gases gerados por eles. Os coprodutos utilizados neste estudo foram: casca de café; polpa cítrica peletizada; resíduo de uva; casca de grão de soja; caroço de algodão; rama de mandioca e alimentos tradicionalmente empregados na alimentação de ruminantes: silagem de milho e concentrado de grão de milho moído. Os dados de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da fibra em detergente neutro foram interpretados por uma análise de variância, utilizando o método de quadrados mínimos; os resultados da produção de gás foram interpretados por uma regressão não linear pelo método de Gauss-Newton; e os efeitos de tratamentos fora...

publicado na web em 14/04/2020 PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN ELECTROSPINNING: REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS. Electrospinning is a strand of nanoscience for the production of fibers in nano and micrometric scales and when combined with other techniques it becomes a powerful tool for application in various branches of science. A promising combination of electrospinning is photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI) for the manufacture of fibers with photoactive characteristics that can be used with great ease in the medical field. This systematic review reports technical information, preparation and characterization of nano and microfibers obtained by the electrospinning technique with applicability in PDT/PDI.

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Nitrogen fertilization can be used to increase production for area, as well as to improve the grains nutritional value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of two linseed cultivars (Brown and Golden) submitted to increasing doses of nitrogen fertilization in a completely randomized design. The Brown and Golden flax sowing was in April 2014, using 40 kg of viable seeds ha -1 and 100 kg ha -1 of diammonium phosphate (16-46-00) as fertilizer. It was evaluated the increasing doses of N fertilization in the cover: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg of N ha -1 , applied in the urea form. For the fatty acids (FA) analysis, a composite sample of each variety was performed for the treatment 0 and 200 kg N ha -1 . The composite samples were grounded in a multi-use mill with cooling jacket. The cooling was aimed to avoid the heating of the samples during their processing, in order to reduce the chances of FA profile alterations. The application of nitrogen positively influenced the production of grains and oil ha -1 of the cultivars, improved the Brown flax dry matter in vitro digestibility and the Golden flax neutral detergent fiber, ether extract and crude protein amounts. The cultivar Brown flax presented higher production of grains and oil ha -1 when compared to Golden flax, which presented lower neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates and higher amounts of ether extract. The Golden flax was nutritionally healthier, as it presented higher proportions of C18:3 n3, unsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and hypocholesterolemic index. Both cultivars have potential ingredients to be used in animal feed, aiming to improve the quality of the final product. ResumoA adubação nitrogenada pode ser utilizada para aumentar a produção por área, além de melhorar o valor nutricional dos grãos. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição bromatológica de duas cultivares de 1 Prof Osmari, M. P. et al.linhaça (Marrom e Dourada) submetidas a níveis crescentes de adubação nitrogenada, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A semeadura da linhaça Marrom e Dourada ocorreram em abril de 2014, utilizando 40 kg de sementes viáveis ha -1 e 100 kg ha -1 de fosfato diamônico (16-46-00) como fertilizante. Foram avaliadas as doses crescentes de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg de N ha -1 , aplicadas na forma de ureia. Para a análise dos ácidos graxos (AG), foi realizada uma amostra composta de cada variedade para o tratamento 0 e 200 kg N ha -1 . As amostras compostas foram moídas em um moinho multiuso com refrigeração. O resfriamento teve como objetivo evitar o aquecimento das amostras durante o processamento, a fim de reduzir as chances de alterações no perfil do AG. A aplicação de nitrogênio influenciou positivamente a produção de grãos e óleo ha -1 das cultivares, melhorou a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da linhaça e a quantidade de fibra em detergente neutro, do extrato etéreo e da proteína bruta. A cultivar Marrom apresentou maior produção de grãos e óleo...