A total of 69 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from different clinical samples including wounds 24 (35%) and burns 67 (65%)، the genes that responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance isolates was detected, the results showed that quaternary ammonium compound delta 1 (qacE∆1) gene was 97.1% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation. 24 (35%) in the wounds and 63 (62.31%) in burns, the size of the gene showed 285 bp, the results of the qacE∆1 analysis showed a single mutation of the mutation type. The results of genetic analysis tree were showed after comparing presence of genetic variations of the qacE∆1 gene with their relatives from the nucleotide sequences as containing variations occurring at one distance and equally in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial species.

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Background: Forty isolates were obtained of Acinetobacter baumannii from (200) samples, the samples were collected from different cases including: - wounds, burns, Stool, Urinary tract infection urine. Aim of study: The aim of study is to isolate and diagnose Acinetobacter baumanniii from different clinical cases and to investigate the fimH gene. Objective: Respiratory tract infection and blood sample.For the period between 1/9/2016 to 30/11/2016. Materials and methods: Identification of 40 isolates confirmed to be Acinetobacter baumannii included 9 isolates from blood, 1 isolate from urinary tract infections, 4 isolates from each of wound infections and Respiratory tract infection, 8 isolates from burns and 14 isolates from stool sample. Results: The result revealed that the fimH gene was present in (20) isolates (50%) of Acinetobacter baumannii. The result Showed (7 (isolate (17.5%) of Stool and blood has fimH gene to each of them and Burns (3) isolates (7.5%) has fimH gene and (2) isolate (5%) of respiratory tract infection has fimH gene and finally only (1) isolate (2.5 %) of Wound infection. While all isolated for each of the urinary tract infections doesn't the fimH gene. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of fimH gene was 508 bp. Conclusion:   Sequential analysis detection of fimH showed three silent mutations that did not affect the amino acid translation.

Titanium dioxide TiO2 has been widely utilized in cleaning and sterilizing material for many clinical tools sanitary ware, food tableware and cooking and items for use in hospitals. Titanium dioxide TiO2 non toxicity and long term physical and chemical stability. It has been widely used decomposition of organic compounds and microbial organisms such as cancer cell, viruses and bacteria as well as its potential application in sterilization of medical devices. The aim of the study the effect of titanium dioxide TiO2 on some Gram negative bacteria and study their effects on some virulence factors and chromosomal DNA.In this study, we obtained (E. coli ? Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris ? Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii) from Al-Emamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City Hospital in Baghdad. Samples collection were carried out from 1 April to 30 June 2014. Study the effect of (plant extraction and Antibiotic) alone and combination with Titanium dioxide TiO2 on bacteria growth. And study the effect of Titanium dioxide TiO2 on biofilm layer and chromosomal DNA.Combinations of TiO2 nanoparticle with water and alcohol extracts of plant (Salvia officinalis ?Arctium minus, Origanum majorana and Anabasis syriaca) gave synergistic results against the gram negative bacterial isolates.A Synergism effect was observed in combination of Ciprofloxacin with Titanium TiO2 nanoparticles toward all Gram negative bacteria. Also a high efficiency was observed when TiO2 nanoparticles mixed with Amikacin toward all isolates except Acinetobacter baumannii and E. coli3. While the results of mixing TiO2 nanoparticles with Cephalothin indicate highly efficiency toward all isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The combination of plant extracts (Salvia officinalis ? Arctium minus ? Origanum majorana and Anabasis syriaca) with TiO2 nanoparticles was appear to be damaged to E. coli chromosomal DNA.The study showed the ability of nanoparticles TiO2 to inhibition of the layer Biofilm to all isolates of bacteria at concentrations (1, 1.5) µg/ ml.Conclude from this study we can be used TiO2 nanoparticles to kill some types of bacteria

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes (AMEs)-encoding genes, including aac(3′)-ΙΙ, ant(3′′)-Ι, aph(3′)-VΙ, and aac(6′)-Ιb-cr and their potential effect on the development of resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. According to the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of 150 clinical samples, 50 (33%) isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae. These isolates were collected from different clinical sources, including urine (15, 30%), blood (12, 24%), sputum (9, 18%), wounds (9, 18%), and burns (5, 10%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay revealed that the resistance values of isolates were 25 (50%) to gentamicin (≥16µg/ml), 21 (42%) to amikacin (≥64 µg/ml), 15 (30%) to ciprofloxacin (≥4 µg/ml), and 11 (22%) to levofloxacin (≥8 µg/ml). Genotypic detection revealed that aac(3′)-ΙΙ, aac(6′)-Ιb-cr, aph(3′)-VΙ, and ant(3′′)-Ι were found in 47 (94%), 38 (76%), 18 (36%), and 8 (16%) of K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. The co-resistance pattern for both aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones was detected in 14 (28%) isolates, of these 10 (71.4%) harbored aac(6′)-Ιb-cr. DNA sequencing for some isolates revealed the presence of point and frameshift mutations in the studied genes. Our study findings suggest that the presence of missense and frameshift mutations may contribute to the elevated resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. The increased prevalence of AMEs-encoding genes among K. pneumoniae isolates could contribute in reducing susceptibility to amikacin and gentamicin. The co-resistance pattern for aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones was highly associated with the presence of the aac(6′)-Ιb-cr gene.