The current study investigated the effect of genotype, growth regulators and type of carbohydrates on callus induction and indirect shoot regeneration in ovary culture of 8 linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars. Callogenic response varied from 9.17% to 100% depending on the cultivars and medium composition interaction. The replacement of sucrose with a combination of sucrose + maltose significantly improved the callogenesis in 3 or 4 investigated cultivars, depending on growth regulators in the induction medium. The frequency of shoot formation from ovaryderived callus in 5 responsive cultivars ranged from 4.17% to 75.00%, whereas the other three cultivars tested did not exhibit any shoots. The replacement of sucrose with a sucrose + maltose combination in induction medium reduced or completely inhibited shoot formation frequency of responsive cultivars. The significantly highest mean shoot formation frequency (52.50%) was obtained from ovary-derived callus of the cultivar ʻMikael'. The analysis of variance revealed that cultivar (C), combination of growth regulators (GR), type of carbohydrates (CH) and their interaction significantly influenced callus induction and shoot formation frequency. In most cases, a higher shoot regeneration frequency was obtained when callus was from induction medium supplemented with 2 mg l -1 thidiazuron (TDZ) + 1 mg l -1 α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) with 6% sucrose. Cytological analysis of root tips showed that 21.88% of the regenerated plants were haploids, while another group of regenerants (78.12%) were diploid and mixoploid.
Zantedeschia Spreng. is an economically important ornamental plant species. Improvement of aesthetic parameters and creation of novel variations of decorative plants are important economic goals for the commercial ornamental industry. The effect of the combination of growth regulators and the explant type on dedifferentiation induction in Zantedeschia aethiopica and Zantedeschia elliottianna was investigated. Research was carried out at the Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology of Aleksandras Stulginskis University and at the Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology of the Joint Research Centre in 2016-2017. Explants (leaf discs, spathe discs, and petiole segments) were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 30.0 g l -1 sucrose, and 8.0 g l -1 agar. Leaf discs and spathe discs did not show any response in the medium without growth regulators, while 16.3% (Zantedeschia aethiopica) and 24.3% (Zantedeschia elliottianna) of isolated petiole segments formed callus. Our results showed that an appropriate combination of growth regulators for callus induction varied depending on the genetic background and the explant type. It was documented that isolated petiole segments of the arum lily and the calla lily induced more statistically reliable callus in a medium supplemented with combination BAP + IAA, while the combination BAP + IBA promoted callus formation from spathe disc tissues. Petiole segments manifested the highest dedifferentiation capability among the tested explant types. The results of the study showed that the ability of the somatic tissues of the arum lily and the calla lily to induce dedifferentiation seems to be a valuable material for improvement of ornamental values in these plants.
In this study, the influence of genotype, concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ), and explant position on the culture medium in organogenesis in a somatic tissue culture of two gloxinia cultivars was investigated. Isolated explants cultured on the medium containing TDZ formed adventitious shoots directly without an intervening callus phase. Explant regeneration frequency varied depending on the genotype, TDZ concentration, and explant position on the medium. The analysis of variance revealed that cultivar (C), TDZ concentration (T), position of explant on culture medium (P), and the interaction of C × T, C × P, T × P, and C × T × P significantly influenced the frequency of shoot formation. However, the effect of interface C × P and C × T × P on the number of shoots per explant was not significant. “Snowy” leaf explants manifested a significantly higher mean shoot formation frequency (p ˂ 0.01) in comparison with the cultivar “Midnight Purple”. The medium enriched with 3.5 μM TDZ resulted in the highest organogenesis frequency, while the highest shoot number per explant was acquired on medium supplemented with 4.0 μM TDZ. The explants of the tested cultivars cultured on the medium with the adaxial side down showed a significantly higher (p ˂ 0.01) shoot formation frequency in comparison with explants cultured on the medium with the abaxial side, and they showed a higher mean number of shoots per explant. An effective method for in vitro organogenesis of Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern without an intervening callus phase was established.
Tyrimai atlikti Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Agronomijos fakulteto Biologijos ir augalų biotechnologijos institute ir Jungtinio tyrimų centro Agrobiotechnologijos laboratorijoje. Tirtas augimo reguliatorių poveikis tiesioginei Miscanthus × giganteus organogenezei in vitro. Miskantų šakniastiebių segmentai auginti Murashige ir Skoog (MS) maitinamojoje terpėje, papildytoje skirtingais 6-benzylamino purino (BAP) ar tidiazurono (TDZ) ir α-naftilacto rūgšties (NAR) deriniais. Nustatyta, kad maitinamojoje terpėje be augimo reguliatorių izoliuoti eksplantai pridėtinių ūglių neformavo. Maitinamojoje terpėje, papildytoje augimo reguliatoriais, regeneracijos dažnis, priklausomai nuo augimo reguliatorių koncentracijos, varijavo nuo 5,6 % iki 21,1 %. Pridėtinių ūglių formavimosi dažnis dėl TDZ poveikio, priklausomai nuo koncentracijos, buvo nuo 5,4 % iki 10,0 % didesnis (derinyje su 0,05 mg l -1 NAR) bei nuo 4,4 % iki 8,8 % didesnis (derinyje su 0,1 mg l -1 NAR), palyginti su atitinkamomis BAP koncentracijomis. Dėl augimo reguliatorių derinio 2,0 mg l -1 TDZ + 0,05 mg l -1 NAR maitinamojoje terpėje gautas intensyviausias ūglių formavimosi dažnis ir didžiausia ūglių išeiga iš eksplanto. Raktažodžiai: augimo reguliatoriai, in vitro, Miscanthus × giganteus, tiesioginė organogenezė ĮVADASDidėjantis energetinių išteklių naudojimas yra vienas veiksnių, skatinančių globalią klimato kaitą. Augalinės biomasės tvarus naudojimas, darni atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių plėtra įgyja vis didesnę reikšmę ir yra vienas svarbiausių nūdie-nos iššūkių visame pasaulyje. Pastaraisiais metais mokslininkai daug dėmesio skiria bioenergetikai, o energija, gaunama iš augalų, ypač iš daugiamečių žolių ir medžių, galėtų prisidėti prie pasaulinių klimato kaitos problemų sušvelninimo (Karp, Shield, 2008). Dėl šios priežasties pastaruoju metu daug dėmesio skiriama Miscanthus × giganteus, priklausančiam miglinių (Poaceae) šeimai, Mis canthus genčiai. Šios aukštaūgės, daugiametės, tropinės kilmės žolės vertinamos dėl savo gebėji-mo augti sausringose ir nederlingose, prastos kokybės žemėse, kurios yra netinkamos daugumai kitų žemės ūkio augalų (Heaton et al., 2008;
In this study, water extracts from fermented (F), ultrasonicated (US), and enzyme-hydrolyzed (E) rice bran (RB) were evaluated against sixteen fungal plant stem and root-rot-associated pathogens. The effects of pre-treated RB additives on plant growth substrate (PGS) on bean and tomato seed germination, stem height and root length of seedlings, and chlorophyll concentration in plants were analyzed. The results showed that US-assisted pre-treatments did not affect protein content in RB, while 36 h semi-solid fermentation (SSF) reduced protein content by 10.3–14.8%. US initiated a 2.9- and 2-fold increase in total sugar and total phenolics (TPC) contents compared to the untreated RB (3.89 g/100 g dw and 0.61 mg GAE/g dw, respectively). Lactic acid (19.66–23.42 g/100 g dw), acetic acid (10.54–14.24 g/100g dw), propionic acid (0.40–1.72 g/100 g dw), phenolic compounds (0.82–1.04 mg GAE/g dw), among which phenolic acids, such as p-coumaric, cinnamic, sinapic, vanillic, and ferulic, were detected in the fermented RB. The RBF extracts showed the greatest growth-inhibition effect against soil-born plant pathogens, such as Fusarium, Pythium, Sclerotinia, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, and Verticillium. Beans and tomatoes grown in RBUS+E- and RBF-supplemented PGS increased the germination rate (14–75%), root length (21–44%), and stem height (25–47%) compared to seedlings grown in PGS. The RB additives increased up to 44.6–48.8% of the chlorophyll content in both plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The results indicate that the biological potential of rice-milling waste as a plant-growth-promoting substrate component can be enhanced using solid-state fermentation with antimicrobial LABs and US processing.
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