The objective of this research and development is to create a description of the operational model of character education and to determine the effectiveness of a character education model in enhancing students' academic independence. There are some results of this research. First, the description of the prototype model of character education to enhance students' academic independence consists of five parts, namely rationalization of character education model; supporting theories of character education model; components of character education model; instructions for using character education model; and development of character education model. Second, the operational model of character education is supported by development tools and developed at five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Third, the character education model is effective to enhance students' academic independence in Islamic Boarding School, Sinjai.
The research aims at finding out how the development of social learning model based on metacognitive strategies or PS MEDIM model fosters the mathematics self-efficacy of students which is valid, practical, and effective. In order to obtain the valid, practical, and effective model, instruments and learning tools are well developed. The product of this research is a social learning model based on metacognitive strategies that can foster selfefficacy in mathematics. The development is conducted simultaneously. When developing the model, instruments and tools that support learning model of PS MEDIM are also developed. This research is research development (developmental research) which refers to the modification of the development of Tjeerd Plomp model with 4 phases of development. The first phase is a preliminary investigation. The second phase is designing. The third phase is realization. The fourth phase testing, evaluation, and revision. There is also a trial test of PS MEDIM learning model that is conducted in class XI IPA1 and XI IPA2 of SMAN 9 Makassar. There are some results of the research. First, the model, instruments, and the learning tools of PS MEDIM are valid. Second, the model of PS MEDIM is eligible to apply in the classroom. Third, the model of PS MEDIM does not meet the criteria of practicality. It indicates that the components of the model of PS MEDIM has not been implemented as expected and does not meet the criteria of effectiveness. From 4 criteria of effectiveness, there is only one criterion fulfilled. The students' positive response to the learning model of PS MEDIM, and other three criteria have not been met. The classical completeness is not reached. The student's activity has not been as expected. In addition, the teacher's ability for teaching and learning management is still in "medium" category.
Social Science textbooks tend to be less dynamic and integrative with Islamic values and local culture. This research is aimed to compose an integrated social science learning textbook which is valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ nationalism character. Type of research and development (R&D) with 4D model procedures (define, design, develop and disseminate) to fulfill the procedure of development. The developed textbook that fulfills scientists’ validity result and its practical use as the participants’ valuation and the implementation of learning. It can enhance students’ nationalism characters and contribute to learning on the character education program, preventive action, enhance the understanding of social, religious, and cultural life values and it should be widely recognized by educators.
XML access control is a non-trivial topic as XML language becomes a standard for data representation and transmission on the Web. Existing access control approaches to the published XML documents are not likely to scale well since they specify and enforce their access control policies in centralized servers. This paper proposed a distributed model for providing a scalable access control to the published XML documents. The proposed model is cost-effectively distributed for meeting the increased workload along with avoiding the possible bottlenecks. As a result, the proposed model effectively scales with the increased system and management workloads.
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