The effect of fertilizers and insecticides on the yield of oil flax varieties in the Middle Ural in years 2016-2018 were determined under our study. The soil of the experimental locations was characterized as semi-cultivated. The preceding crop before our study was the winter triticale. The experiment scheme included the following options: factor Agrade: VNIIMK 620 flax (standard); Severniy flax; factor Bfertilizer: no fertilizers (for the control group); the planned seed yield of 12 kg/ha; factor Cinsecticide: no treatment (control); water spraying of seeding (for the control group); seed treatment with "Tabu"; "VSK" (1.0 l/t); seeding processing with "Karate", "MKS" (0.1 l/ha); seeds and seeding treatment with "Tabu", "VSK", "Karate", "MKS". Mineral fertilizers increased the seed yield by 1.0 kg/ha or 10.8% in the cultivation of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severniy. Seed treatment before sowing with an insecticide "Tabu" or spraying of the seedlings with "Karate" insecticide, or their sequential use, (with the use of mineral fertilizers and without them), increased the flax seed yield by 0.5-1.5 metric centners/hectare. The increase in seed yield with the use of fertilizers is caused by an increase in seed germination by 2%. At the same time, more plants were ready for harvestingby 16 units/m 2 , which had more capsulesby 0.7 pieces; and seedsby 2.7 units, which led to an increase in the seed mass by 0.04 g. Increase in seed yield, when using the insecticide "Tabu" as a seed treatment before sowing, and the "Karate" insecticide for processing seedings separately and with their sequential use, contributed to the germination capacity increase by 4-5%. As a result, the viability of plants during the growing season was improved by 2-3%, which affected the density of the plants before harvesting and the productivity of the oil flax, increasing the abovementioned indicators by 34-48 units/ m 2 ; by 0.2-0.8 unitscapsules quantity; by 2.5-2.7 unitsseeds quantity; 0.01-0.02 gseed mass.
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to identify the effect of the Zero herbicide introduced after harvesting the predecessor, the methods of autumn tillage on the productivity, photosynthetic activity of oil flax plants of the varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy. Research Methods. Studies on the tasks were carried out in 2016–2018 in the pilot plots of JSC “Uchkhoz Iyul’skoye Izhevskaya GSKHA” according to generally accepted methods. The previous crop for oil flax in the crop rotation was winter triticale. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. Results. It was revealed that the Zero continuous herbicide introduced after harvesting the precursor contributed to an increase of 0.6 c/ha or 7.0 % in seed yield, relative to the yield in variants without herbicide. The autumn tillage of KN-4, PLN-4-35, BDT-3 soil ensured an increase in the yield of seeds of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy 1.8–3.2 c/ha or 23.1–41.0 %, respectively, relative to the similar indicator in options without chaffing tillage. Subsurface autumn tillage of KN-4 soil in terms of seed yield of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 (10.8–11.3 c/ha) and Severnyy (10.3‒11.3 c/ha) was not inferior to seed yield (10.7–10.9 c/ha and 10.9–11.3 c/ha, respectively) in the variant with dump processing PLN-4-35. Small tillage BDT-3 reduced seed yield by 1.4‒1.6 c/ha (13‒15 %) in the variety VNIIMK 620 and by 1.4‒1.8 c/ha (12‒16 %) in the variety Northern, in comparison with productivity in options with KN-4 or PLN-4-35. The treatment of the stubble of the precursor with the Zero continuous herbicide contributed to an increase of 0.7 thousand m2/ha of the area of leaves of oil flax varieties in the flowering phase, photosynthetic potential (FP) by 41 thousand m2×day/ha during the growing season, relative to similar parameters in the options no herbicide. The highest AF during the growing season of plants of oil flax varieties was formed in the variants with autumn tillage KN-4 and PLN-4-35, which significantly exceeded the similar indicator by 97–375 thousand m2×day/ha for VNIIMK 620 and 84–423 thousand m2×day/ha for the Severnyy variety in the control variant. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals, for the first time, effective techniques for autumn tillage of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the technology of cultivating flax varieties of oilseed VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy were revealed. The effect of Zero herbicide, methods of heap, subsurface, small chaffinch tillage on the yield and photo-synthetic activity of oil flax varieties was established.
In 2016-2017 on the experimental areas of JSC “Uchkhoz Iyulskoe of Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy” the studies were conducted to identify the reaction of oilseed flax of VNIIMK 620 and Severny varieties to spraying with Zero herbicide after harvesting its predecessor and the methods of fall-tillage by forming the yield of seeds. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic medium loamy. The predecessor is winter triticale. On average, over two years of research of the oilseed flax of VNIIMK 620 and Severnuy varieties, they increased seed productivity by 2.2–7.2 centners per hectare or 1.6–2.8 times in variants with fall-tillage KN-4, PLN-4 -35, BDT-3, relative to the same indicator in the variants without fall-ploughing. In the variant with soilless autumn-tillage of KN-4, the productivity of oilseed flax VNIIMK 620 (11.0–11.3 centners per hectare) and Northern (10.6–11.4 centners per hectare) was on the same level as the seed yield in option with dump soil treatment PLN-4-35 (10.9-11.2 centners per hectare and 11.3-11.5 centners per hectare, respectively). However, in the version without the use of the herbicide Zero with the small tillage of the BDT-3, since autumn the seed yield decreased by 1.8-2.0 centners per hectare (16-18%) in the variety VNIIMK 620 and by 1.9 centners per hectare ( 17%) for the Northern variety, in comparison with the yield in the variants with the treatment of KN-4 and PLN-4-35. In the variant with spraying with Zero herbicide and ground treatment of BDT-3 soil, the yield of oilseed flax VNIIMK 620 and Severny did not have significant differences with seed yield in variants with KN-4 and PLN-4-35.
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