Studying the reaction to the abiotic conditions of the Middle Urals in 16 varieties of oil flax will allow to adapt the culture: increase its productivity and product quality. As a standard, the variety ‘VNIIMK 620’ was sown. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the grain-grass rotation after winter crops during 2012-2015. During the years of research, the plow layer of the experimental plots had different humus contents - medium and high, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium - medium and very high, exchange soil acidity - slightly acidic and close to neutral. To a greater extent, by 91.5%, the change in the seed yield of the studied oil flax varieties depended on the abiotic conditions of the growing season; the share of the influence of the genotype of the variety in the formation of seed yield was 3.0%. Meteorological conditions during the years of the experiments were characterized by large fluctuations in the average daily air temperature and the amount of precipitation that fell over the months, in consequence of this the seed yield of flax oil varied in wide range over both varieties and years of study. The most favorable abiotic conditions for the formation of oil flax seeds were formed in 2014, when, during the ripening period of the seeds optimal meteorological conditions have developed with hydro thermic factor of 1.0. This contributed to obtaining the highest seed yield in 2014 - 218 g/m2. On average, over four years of research, the same response to abiotic conditions with seed yield was formed in ‘VNIIMK 620’ varieties from Russia, ‘Clark’ varieties from Holland and ‘Barbara’ from Hungary. The most plastic grade is ‘Clark’ with a plasticity coefficient bi = 1.33. The most stable seed yield is the ‘Norlin’ variety with a stability coefficient of 32.2. Russian varieties ‘LM-96’, ‘N 3829’ and foreign varieties ‘Norlin’, ‘Atalante’ proved to be the most adaptable to cultivation conditions in the agroecological conditions of the Cis-Ural region and can be considered promising in terms used as starting material in the breeding process.
The effect of fertilizers and insecticides on the yield of oil flax varieties in the Middle Ural in years 2016-2018 were determined under our study. The soil of the experimental locations was characterized as semi-cultivated. The preceding crop before our study was the winter triticale. The experiment scheme included the following options: factor Agrade: VNIIMK 620 flax (standard); Severniy flax; factor Bfertilizer: no fertilizers (for the control group); the planned seed yield of 12 kg/ha; factor Cinsecticide: no treatment (control); water spraying of seeding (for the control group); seed treatment with "Tabu"; "VSK" (1.0 l/t); seeding processing with "Karate", "MKS" (0.1 l/ha); seeds and seeding treatment with "Tabu", "VSK", "Karate", "MKS". Mineral fertilizers increased the seed yield by 1.0 kg/ha or 10.8% in the cultivation of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severniy. Seed treatment before sowing with an insecticide "Tabu" or spraying of the seedlings with "Karate" insecticide, or their sequential use, (with the use of mineral fertilizers and without them), increased the flax seed yield by 0.5-1.5 metric centners/hectare. The increase in seed yield with the use of fertilizers is caused by an increase in seed germination by 2%. At the same time, more plants were ready for harvestingby 16 units/m 2 , which had more capsulesby 0.7 pieces; and seedsby 2.7 units, which led to an increase in the seed mass by 0.04 g. Increase in seed yield, when using the insecticide "Tabu" as a seed treatment before sowing, and the "Karate" insecticide for processing seedings separately and with their sequential use, contributed to the germination capacity increase by 4-5%. As a result, the viability of plants during the growing season was improved by 2-3%, which affected the density of the plants before harvesting and the productivity of the oil flax, increasing the abovementioned indicators by 34-48 units/ m 2 ; by 0.2-0.8 unitscapsules quantity; by 2.5-2.7 unitsseeds quantity; 0.01-0.02 gseed mass.
The article presents the results of scientific research for 2020 and 2021 to study the comparative evaluation of varieties and breeding numbers of fiber flax in various soil and meteorological conditions and the selection of the best of them in terms of seed productivity. The soil of the experimental plots in the years of laying the experiments differed in the agrochemical characteristics of the arable layer: low and medium humus content, high and increased content of mobile phosphorus, high and very high content of mobile potassium, the soil solution in both years of research had a medium acid reaction. On soddy-medium podzolic medium loamy soil, the domestic variety Tverskoy stood out in terms of seed yield, providing seed productivity of 103 g/m2 at a plant density before harvesting of 1334 pcs/m2, the number of seeds per plant was 21,6 pcs., their weight 0,08 g. Among the studied fiber flax collection, domestic varieties Alfa (4,0 pcs.) and ER-138 (4,1 pcs.) were distinguished by the number of productive bolls per plant, and the domestic variety Tverskoy by the number of seeds per plant (21,6 pcs.), by weight of 1000 seeds (4,9 g) - Crystall variety from the USA. Keywords: FIBER FLAX, VARIETY, BREEDING NUMBER, SEED PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to identify the effect of the Zero herbicide introduced after harvesting the predecessor, the methods of autumn tillage on the productivity, photosynthetic activity of oil flax plants of the varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy. Research Methods. Studies on the tasks were carried out in 2016–2018 in the pilot plots of JSC “Uchkhoz Iyul’skoye Izhevskaya GSKHA” according to generally accepted methods. The previous crop for oil flax in the crop rotation was winter triticale. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. Results. It was revealed that the Zero continuous herbicide introduced after harvesting the precursor contributed to an increase of 0.6 c/ha or 7.0 % in seed yield, relative to the yield in variants without herbicide. The autumn tillage of KN-4, PLN-4-35, BDT-3 soil ensured an increase in the yield of seeds of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy 1.8–3.2 c/ha or 23.1–41.0 %, respectively, relative to the similar indicator in options without chaffing tillage. Subsurface autumn tillage of KN-4 soil in terms of seed yield of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 (10.8–11.3 c/ha) and Severnyy (10.3‒11.3 c/ha) was not inferior to seed yield (10.7–10.9 c/ha and 10.9–11.3 c/ha, respectively) in the variant with dump processing PLN-4-35. Small tillage BDT-3 reduced seed yield by 1.4‒1.6 c/ha (13‒15 %) in the variety VNIIMK 620 and by 1.4‒1.8 c/ha (12‒16 %) in the variety Northern, in comparison with productivity in options with KN-4 or PLN-4-35. The treatment of the stubble of the precursor with the Zero continuous herbicide contributed to an increase of 0.7 thousand m2/ha of the area of leaves of oil flax varieties in the flowering phase, photosynthetic potential (FP) by 41 thousand m2×day/ha during the growing season, relative to similar parameters in the options no herbicide. The highest AF during the growing season of plants of oil flax varieties was formed in the variants with autumn tillage KN-4 and PLN-4-35, which significantly exceeded the similar indicator by 97–375 thousand m2×day/ha for VNIIMK 620 and 84–423 thousand m2×day/ha for the Severnyy variety in the control variant. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals, for the first time, effective techniques for autumn tillage of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the technology of cultivating flax varieties of oilseed VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy were revealed. The effect of Zero herbicide, methods of heap, subsurface, small chaffinch tillage on the yield and photo-synthetic activity of oil flax varieties was established.
Experimental data on the assessment of flax varieties and breeding numbers were obtained in field experiments at the experimental field of ERPC - Agrotechnopark FSBEI HE Izhevsk SAA on sod-medium podzolic medium loamy soil in the grain-grass crop rotation in 2015-2016, 2018, 2020. It was found that the change in the yield of whole and long fiber in the varieties and breeding numbers of fiber flax by 41.6…64.3% was caused by the influence of soil and meteorological conditions. Among the studied collection, the combination of good plasticity and stability to abiotic conditions is characteristic of the domestic variety TOST 2, according to the yield of long fiber – the breeding number from Lithuania – B-168 and the variety from France – Diane. It was found that the domestic varieties TOAST 1, Zaryanka, Antey and the breeding number K4196×1288/12 provided relatively high stability in the yield of the whole and long fiber in various abiotic medium conditions. This made it possible to use these varieties as a source material in breeding programs.
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