Studying the reaction to the abiotic conditions of the Middle Urals in 16 varieties of oil flax will allow to adapt the culture: increase its productivity and product quality. As a standard, the variety ‘VNIIMK 620’ was sown. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the grain-grass rotation after winter crops during 2012-2015. During the years of research, the plow layer of the experimental plots had different humus contents - medium and high, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium - medium and very high, exchange soil acidity - slightly acidic and close to neutral. To a greater extent, by 91.5%, the change in the seed yield of the studied oil flax varieties depended on the abiotic conditions of the growing season; the share of the influence of the genotype of the variety in the formation of seed yield was 3.0%. Meteorological conditions during the years of the experiments were characterized by large fluctuations in the average daily air temperature and the amount of precipitation that fell over the months, in consequence of this the seed yield of flax oil varied in wide range over both varieties and years of study. The most favorable abiotic conditions for the formation of oil flax seeds were formed in 2014, when, during the ripening period of the seeds optimal meteorological conditions have developed with hydro thermic factor of 1.0. This contributed to obtaining the highest seed yield in 2014 - 218 g/m2. On average, over four years of research, the same response to abiotic conditions with seed yield was formed in ‘VNIIMK 620’ varieties from Russia, ‘Clark’ varieties from Holland and ‘Barbara’ from Hungary. The most plastic grade is ‘Clark’ with a plasticity coefficient bi = 1.33. The most stable seed yield is the ‘Norlin’ variety with a stability coefficient of 32.2. Russian varieties ‘LM-96’, ‘N 3829’ and foreign varieties ‘Norlin’, ‘Atalante’ proved to be the most adaptable to cultivation conditions in the agroecological conditions of the Cis-Ural region and can be considered promising in terms used as starting material in the breeding process.
The effect of fertilizers and insecticides on the yield of oil flax varieties in the Middle Ural in years 2016-2018 were determined under our study. The soil of the experimental locations was characterized as semi-cultivated. The preceding crop before our study was the winter triticale. The experiment scheme included the following options: factor Agrade: VNIIMK 620 flax (standard); Severniy flax; factor Bfertilizer: no fertilizers (for the control group); the planned seed yield of 12 kg/ha; factor Cinsecticide: no treatment (control); water spraying of seeding (for the control group); seed treatment with "Tabu"; "VSK" (1.0 l/t); seeding processing with "Karate", "MKS" (0.1 l/ha); seeds and seeding treatment with "Tabu", "VSK", "Karate", "MKS". Mineral fertilizers increased the seed yield by 1.0 kg/ha or 10.8% in the cultivation of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severniy. Seed treatment before sowing with an insecticide "Tabu" or spraying of the seedlings with "Karate" insecticide, or their sequential use, (with the use of mineral fertilizers and without them), increased the flax seed yield by 0.5-1.5 metric centners/hectare. The increase in seed yield with the use of fertilizers is caused by an increase in seed germination by 2%. At the same time, more plants were ready for harvestingby 16 units/m 2 , which had more capsulesby 0.7 pieces; and seedsby 2.7 units, which led to an increase in the seed mass by 0.04 g. Increase in seed yield, when using the insecticide "Tabu" as a seed treatment before sowing, and the "Karate" insecticide for processing seedings separately and with their sequential use, contributed to the germination capacity increase by 4-5%. As a result, the viability of plants during the growing season was improved by 2-3%, which affected the density of the plants before harvesting and the productivity of the oil flax, increasing the abovementioned indicators by 34-48 units/ m 2 ; by 0.2-0.8 unitscapsules quantity; by 2.5-2.7 unitsseeds quantity; 0.01-0.02 gseed mass.
The article presents the results of scientific research for 2020 and 2021 to study the comparative evaluation of varieties and breeding numbers of fiber flax in various soil and meteorological conditions and the selection of the best of them in terms of seed productivity. The soil of the experimental plots in the years of laying the experiments differed in the agrochemical characteristics of the arable layer: low and medium humus content, high and increased content of mobile phosphorus, high and very high content of mobile potassium, the soil solution in both years of research had a medium acid reaction. On soddy-medium podzolic medium loamy soil, the domestic variety Tverskoy stood out in terms of seed yield, providing seed productivity of 103 g/m2 at a plant density before harvesting of 1334 pcs/m2, the number of seeds per plant was 21,6 pcs., their weight 0,08 g. Among the studied fiber flax collection, domestic varieties Alfa (4,0 pcs.) and ER-138 (4,1 pcs.) were distinguished by the number of productive bolls per plant, and the domestic variety Tverskoy by the number of seeds per plant (21,6 pcs.), by weight of 1000 seeds (4,9 g) - Crystall variety from the USA. Keywords: FIBER FLAX, VARIETY, BREEDING NUMBER, SEED PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD
The productivity of barley Raushan 24.9-53.1 tons per hectare on the farm (SKHPK) them. Michurin, Vavozhsky district of the Udmurt Republic for 2013-2019 had a positive average correlation (r = 0,46) with the pH of the arable layer, a positive weak correlation with the content in the arable layer of mobile phosphorus (r = 0,26), exchange potassium (r = 0.12) and humus (r = 0,12). The crop of 2017, had more potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, silicon, calcium, sodium, manganese, tin, iron, rubidium, strontium, barium, zirconium, copper, zinc, titanium, selenium, nickel, vanadium, gadolinium, lithium, germanium, cobalt, tungsten, beryllium, cadmium, than their content in the grain of the 2018 crop. In 2018, the yield was lower by 14,2 centner per hectare of the 2017 crop, and barley kernels contained more bromine, aluminum, boron, molybdenum, thorium, chromium, cerium, lanthanum, niobium, tantalum, gallium
The adoption by the Decree of the Government of the Udmurt Republic of 29.12.2014 No. 563 of the subprogram "Development of agricultural land reclamation of the Udmurt Republic", which is part of the state program of the Udmurt Republic "Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets" for 2013-2020" ensured the implementation of measures for reclamation on agricultural lands. The cultivation of vegetables during irrigation allows agricultural organizations to obtain high yields of these crops and net profit. Budget subsidies to rural commodity producers for carrying out land reclamation measures contributed to the cultivation of vegetable crops on irrigated plots in the zone of risky land.
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