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Immunoassays for two groups of organochlorine insecticides, cyclodienes (endosulfan and heptachlor) and DDT were applied to the analysis of a diverse range of plant-derived foods. Water-miscible solvent extracts of high-moisture, low-fat foods such as cauliflower, cabbage, green and red blue grapes and tomato caused little or no interference with the assays, enabling methanol or acetonitrile extracts of the foods to be analysed directly by immunoassay, after dilution in assay buffer. Reasonable recoveries of spikes of these pesticides were obtained by direct analysis of extracts of spiked commodities, with reliable detection down to 0.025 mg kg (1 heptachlor or endosulfan and 0.1 mg kg (1 DDT in the commodities. Acetonitrile extracts of milk could also be analysed directly for DDT. In contrast, extracts of low moisture, non-fatty (rice) and fatty (cottonseed) food commodities interfered appreciably with the assays, reducing assay colour and detection sensitivity. Some simple cleanup methods were developed to remove interference and enable detection of spiked organochlorines in these foods. Extracts of coloured foods, such as tea, coffee and spinach caused similarly major interference in the assays, and a number of simple clean-up methods were ineffective in removing interference. However, use of an immunoaffinity chromatography method for cyclodienes enabled quantitative recoveries to be obtained in extracts of several of these foods when analysed by either ELISA or gas chromatography. Direct analysis was suited for screening purposes but immunoaffinity chromatography results were more quantitative. These results indicate that ELISAs can be

Osteoarthritis is one the leading health concerns worldwide affecting two third million with no proper treatment ensured to restore the normal function and completely relieving the joint pain. Oral fast dissolving films have promising action and targeted delivery with high drug loading capacity. The present investigation involves the study the invitro and invivo activity of developed Oral fast dissolving films of U. tomentosa bark extract with optimised F5 and F13 formulations. For invitro evaluation a three dimensional OA model was prepared with first passage chrondrocytes grown on trypsin EDTA media in 1: 3 ratio. The OA agarose model was prepared with C20A4 chondrocytes on agarose gel (25 ± 5oC) in phospahate buffer solution. Cultivation of chrondrocytes was done with 1 mL of RPMI-1640 (10% FBS) which was added with 20% (IL-1β) solution on third day of incubation and media was replaced time to time. The incubated cell line with 20,000 cells/well in 96-well plates were treated with 5 µL of 0.5% MTT reagent on fifth day of incubation and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. The effects were studied for 7, 13, 27, 35 days for the study effects of FDOFs on the cell lines were (Control, IL-1β, F5, and F13 treated IL-1β injected types). The chondrocytes in agarose constructs cultured only in media (RPMI-FBS) without IL-1b, served as control. The GAG, HYP and DNA quantitation analyses along with DNA content assay were performed to study the arthritic effect of optimized FDOF’s i.e F5. For invivo studies Monoiodoacetate (MIA) induced arthritis models which is well established to understand weight bearing and response to tactile stimuli though the ongoing procedure is not known. The invivo protocol was performed in seven week old male wistar rats with negative control of MIA and positive control as Celecoxib. The assessment of pain and thickness of the knee were estimated to be indicators of osteoarthritic potential. The study results revealed the F5 formulation has efficacy on the OA models which need a clinical investigation in humans.