Sustainable urban mobility is an important dimension in a Smart City and one of the key issues in National and International Programmes. However, innovative and often costly mobility policies and solutions introduced by cities are liable to fail, if not combined with initiatives aimed at increasing the awareness of citizens, and promoting their behavioural change. This paper explores the potential of gamification mechanisms to incentivize voluntary behavioural changes towards sustainable mobility solutions. We present a service-based gamification framework, developed within the STREETLIFE EU Project, which can be used to develop games on top of existing services and systems within a Smart City, and discuss the empirical findings of an experiment conducted in the city of Rovereto on the effectiveness of gamification to promote sustainable urban mobility.
In this paper we describe an approach for the verification of Web service compositions defined by sets of BPEL processes. The key aspect of such a verification is the model adopted for representing the communications among the services participating in the composition. Indeed, these communications are asynchronous and buffered in the existing execution frameworks, while most verification approaches assume a synchronous communication model for efficiency reasons. In our approach, we develop a parametric model for describing Web service compositions, which allows us to capture a hierarchy of communication models, ranging from synchronous communications to asynchronous communications with complex buffer structures. Moreover, we develop a technique to associate with a Web service composition the most adequate communication model, i.e., the simplest model that is sufficient to capture all the behaviors of the composition. This way, we can provide an accurate model of a wider class of service composition scenarios, while preserving as much as possible an efficient performance in verification.
Service-based applications have to continuously and dynamically selfadapt in order to timely react to changes in their context, as well as to efficiently accommodate for deviations from their expected functionality or quality of service. Currently, self-adaptation is triggered by monitoring events. Yet, monitoring only observes changes or deviations after they have occurred. Therefore, selfadaptation based on monitoring is reactive and thus often comes too late, e.g., when changes or deviations already have led to undesired consequences. In this paper we present the PROSA framework, which aims to enable proactive selfadaptation. To this end, PROSA exploits online testing techniques to detect changes and deviations before they can lead to undesired consequences. This paper introduces and illustrates the key online testing activities needed to trigger proactive adaptation, and it discusses how those activities can be implemented by utilizing and extending existing testing and adaptation techniques.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.