By releasing of azo dye through textile effluent, textile industry is the main cause of water pollution resulting into acute effect on environment and human health. Development of any eco-friendly and cost-effective method that may address the drawbacks to physical or chemical methods of dye removal is the recent global priority. Physical or chemical methods for textile wastewater pretreatment are of high cost, extremely energy consuming, and environmentally low efficient and generate toxic sludge. Thus, the use of microbial technique for textile dye degradation will be eco-friendly and is probably a lucrative alternative to physico-chemical processes. Microbial enzymes, viz. laccase and azoreductase, are cost-efficient, easy to harvest, easily downstream processable, and effortlessly mobilizable. Recent research trends on nanoparticle-microbial enzyme conjugates are also highly efficient to remove the azo dye from textile waste within a few minutes. But unfortunately, due to some gap between academia and industry, these methods remain only limited up to laboratory and its industrialization is still a challenge. The present review is an illustrated compilation of the use of microbial enzymes in removal of textile dyes.

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Production of green pigments has drawn great attention recently in various applications like foods, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals as it counters the harmful effects of synthetic dyes. Use of green natural products, especially microbederived colours in food and cosmetics is rapidly developing for its eco-friendly nature and cost effectiveness. In this study, a red pigment producing rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium Serratia rubidaea HB01 was isolated from domestic sewage. The isolate exhibited wide resistance to various groups of antibiotics, including Aminoglycosides, Lincosamides, Macrolides, Nitroimidazoles, Penicillins, Quinolones, and Tetracyclines. The isolate S. rubidaea HB01 significantly produced red prodigiosin pigment (17.9 mg ml −1). The production of prodigiosin was highly pH sensitive and growth media specific. The UV-Vis spectrum of the red pigment dissolved in methanol showed a maximum absorption at 536 nm in neutral pH. Red fraction with R f value 0.38 purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was further subjected to liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis. Moreover, a strong band of pyrrolenine (C = N) at v max 1639 was found comparable to prodigiosin as observed from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Alongside, the presence of a typical methoxy group with chemical shifts at δ 4.0 ppm and δ 58.5 ppm was revealed by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra respectively, confirming the red pigment produced to be prodigiosin. The molecular weight of the prodigiosin was identified as 323 (m/z 324, [M + H] +). Serratia species that typically develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms are already known to produce antibiotics (carbapenem and bacteriocins) and prodigiosin pigment by integrating Quorum Sensing (QS) with overlapping pigment production regulatory systems (pigP). Consequently, mutations in this regulatory region may influence the production of prodigiosin and antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

Abstract:: Cancer therapy describes treatment of cancer, often with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) is likely to consider as a new emerging, alternative therapeutic approach for silencing/targeting cancer-related genes. RNAi can exert antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects by targeting functional carcinogenic molecules or knocking down gene products of cancer-related genes. However, in contrast to conventional cancer therapies, RNAi based therapy is seemed to have fewer side effects. Transcription signal sequence and conserved sequence analysis showed that microorganisms could be a potent source of non-coding RNAs. This review concluded thatmapping of RNAi mechanism and RNAi based drugs delivery approaches are expected to lead the better prospective of cancer therapy.

Contamination of soil by antibiotics and heavy metals originating from hospital facilities has emerged as a major cause for the development of resistant microbes. We collected soil samples surrounding a hospital effluent and measured the resistance of bacterial isolates against multiple antibiotics and heavy metals. One strain BMCSI 3 was found to be sensitive to all tested antibiotics. However, it was resistant to many heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, arsenic, and others. This strain was motile and potentially spore-forming. Whole-genome shotgun assembly of BMCSI 3 produced 4.95 Mb genome with 4,638 protein-coding genes. The taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis revealed it, to be a Bordetella petrii strain. Multiple genomic islands carrying mobile genetic elements; coding for heavy metal resistant genes, response regulators or transcription factors, transporters, and multi-drug efflux pumps were identified from the genome. A comparative genomic analysis of BMCSI 3 with annotated genomes of other free-living B. petrii revealed the presence of multiple transposable elements and several genes involved in stress response and metabolism. This study provides insights into how genomic reorganization and plasticity results in evolution of heavy metals resistance by acquiring genes from its natural environment.

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