Many eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are in areas of soil with low fertility, with little phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) availability and with low organic matter (OM) content, resulting in a low supply of nutrients to plants, directly reflected in reduced yield. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N), P and K fertilization on the growth of eucalyptus plants, with the aim of achieving nutritional balance and high yield. The experiment was conducted on Renascença Farm, an agricultural property administered by Cargill Agrícola S.A., located in the city of Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with ten treatments and five replicates. The treatments were composed of doses of N (0, 70, 105 and 140 kg ha -1 ), doses of P (0, 40, 70 and 100 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ) and doses of K (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha -1 of K 2 O). The doses of N and K were applied at planting and as top dressing, and the doses of P were applied only at planting. The diameter at breast height (DBH), plant height and timber volume with bark were assessed, and the concentrations of macronutrients in the leaves were determined. DBH and volume were positively affected by N fertilization, and eucalyptus growth in DBH, height and volume increased with P and K fertilization. The maximum yield of eucalyptus at 21 months of age was obtained with the application of 71 kg ha -1 of N, 100 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 and 125 kg ha -1 of K 2 O. The concentrations of macronutrients were adequate even in the absence of the application of N, P and K. With increasing doses of K, there was an increase in leaf concentrations of K and a decrease in those of calcium and magnesium.

Residual effect of monoammonium phosphate coated with different polymers on maizeThe use of phosphate fertilizers coated with polymers can reduce losses by phosphorus fixation in the soil, providing the element for a longer period of time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of phosphorus rates and forms of monoammonium phosphate coated with different polymers on production components and grain yield of maize in the first and second harvest. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria -MS, in a loamy Oxisol. A randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four repetitions was used in the experiment: four P 2 O 5 rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha -1 ) applied at sowing, in four forms: conventional monoammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate coated with three different polymers. To evaluate the residual effect of these treatments on the maize successor crop, the new crop was sown in the same line of the previous crop. The residual level of phosphorus in the soil increased linearly up to 150 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 . The MAP coated with polymers showed the same residual effect of

Nitrogen (N) is essential for nutrition and for the maintenance of the intense green color of lawns. However, this element affects shoot growth and, therefore, mowing frequency, which is a key factor of lawn-maintenance costs. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the use of nitrogen fertilization in combination with the use of potential herbicides as growth regulators to promote the maintenance of the high visual (intense green) and nutritional quality of lawns of emerald Zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.) grown in Ultisol soil while reducing their leaf growth. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching, Research and Extension Education Farm (Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão) of São Paulo State University (Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP), Ilha Solteira Campus/ São Paulo (SP), from June/2012 to June/2013. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 20 treatments established in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates, including four herbicides (glyphosate, imazaquin, imazethapyr, and metsulfuron-methyl, applied at doses of 200, 420, 80, and 140 g ha -1 active ingredient (a.i.), respectively) and a control (without herbicide), and four N doses (0, 5, 10, and 20 g m -2 ), split into five applications delivered throughout the year. The following items were evaluated: length, LCI (leaf chlorophyll index), leaf dry matter production and leaf N concentration and the percentage of phytotoxicity on lawn grass shoots. Doses from 10 to 20 g m -2 N provided sufficient N concentrations to maintain the emerald Zoysia. The herbicides metsulfuron-methyl and glyphosate were superior in the control of lawn leaf growth. While the former was phytotoxic, the latter had no effect on the aesthetic quality of the lawn, standing out as an herbicide that may be used at a dose of 200 g ha -1 to regulate the growth of emerald Zoysia. fator do custo de manutenção em gramados. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação nitrogenada e o uso potencial de herbicidas como reguladores de crescimento em grama esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.), em Argissolo Vermelho, visando manter o gramado com boa qualidade visual (verde intenso) e nutricional bem como reduzir o seu crescimento foliar. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira/SP, de junho/2012 a junho/2013. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 20 tratamentos dispostos num fatorial 5 x 4 com quatro repetições, sendo quatro herbicidas: glyphosate, imazaquin, imazethapyr e metsulfuronmethyl aplicados na dose de, respectivamente, 200, 420, 80 e 140 g ha -1 do ingrediente ativo (i.a.) e a testemunha -sem herbicida; e quatro doses de N: 0, 5, 10 e 20 g m -2 , parceladas em cinco aplicações durante o ano. Avaliaram-se: o comprimento, o índice ICF (índice de clorofila foliar) e a produção de matéria seca das folhas, determinaram-se também a concentração foliar de N e a porcentagem de fitointoxicação da parte aérea do gramado. Doses de 10 a 20 g m ...

The forage production in crop-livestock integration is critical both for formation of straw for no tillage planting and food for livestock farm. The experiment was conducted in the autumn/winter of 2009 and 2010, in the city of Selvíria -state of Mato Grosso do Sul -MS, Brazil, at Experimental Station of FEIS/UNESP. The objective was to evaluate the optimal depth for deposition of seeds of two Brachiaria species intercropped with corn with emphasis on grain yield and straw. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a factorial scheme 3 x 3, with four replications. The main treatments were two species of Brachiaria (Urochloa brizantha "Marandú" and Urochloa ruziziensis), which seeds were mixed with corn fertilizer and a control treatment (without intercropping). Secondary treatments consisted of three depths (8; 10 and 16 cm) in the deposition of fertilizer (in the consortium and the control treatments). The intercropping corn with Brachiaria produced similar amounts of straw. The straw total production was higher when intercropped and decreased with depth. The consortium with U. ruziziensis provided higher grain yield of corn in relation to U. brizantha, in 2010. The sowing depth of forages did not affect corn yield.

Variabilidade espacial das concentrações de nutrientes foliares da soja correlacionadas com atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico 1 O estudo dos atributos do solo e da planta, por meio da geoestatística e da consequente geração de mapas de manejo, resulta na utilização racional de fertilizantes e, assim, na redução de custos para o produtor. No ano agrícola de 2013/2014, no município de Selvíria, MS, objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar as dependências linear e espacial dos atributos Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, SB e CTC de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, com as concentrações foliares de Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn da soja (Glycine max L.) cultivada em plantio direto. Foi instalada uma rede amostral, para a coleta de dados do solo e das plantas, com 100 pontos amostrais distribuídos, aletoriamente, em uma área de 7.980 m 2 . Os resultados da análise geoestatística mostraram que para os atributos avaliados houve dependência espacial. Os menores alcances observados foram os das constantes variações da área pelo preparo de um sistema de produção. Tanto linear quanto espacialmente, a CTC do solo foi bom indicador das concentrações foliares de Ca e de S da soja sob plantio direto.Palavras-chave: cerrado; Glycine max (L.) Merrill; manejo do solo; nutrição de plantas. Rodolfo de Niro Spatial variability of soybean leaf nutrient concentrations related to chemical attributes of an OxisolThe study of soil and plant properties using geostatistics and the consequent generation of management maps result in the rational use of fertilizers and thus in the reduction of costs for producers. We aimed to evaluate the linear and spatial dependence of the attributes Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, SB, and CTC of an Oxisol, with foliar concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn of soybean (Glycine max L.) grown in no-tillage in the agricultural year 2013/2014, in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. A sampling network was installed to collect soil and plant data, with 100 sampling points randomly distributed in an area of 7,980 m 2 . The results of geostatistical analysis showed that, for the evaluated attributes, there was spatial dependence. The lower reaches observed were the constant variations of the area by the preparation of a production system. Both linearly and spatially, soil CTC was a good indicator of foliar concentrations of Ca and S of soybean under no-tillage.

Cerrado soils have low boron (B) content, making supplementation of this element through fertilization via soil and/or leaf is a common practice. It is therefore important to establish the best mode of application and source of B for the proper development of eucalyptus. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of B sources with high and low solubility on eucalyptus cultivation and to examine the effect of foliar application of the micronutrient. The experiment was conducted in an area located at 20 o 34' S latitude and 51 o 50' W longitude with an altitude of 305 m during the period from January 2012 to February 2014. The experiment was set up using a randomised complete block design with six treatments and five replications, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 0 kg ha -1 of B, 1 kg ha -1 of B using boric acid as a source (high solubility, 17% B) or 1 kg ha -1 of B using borogran as a source (low solubility, 10% B), applied to the planting furrow, with or without foliar application of 0.5% boric acid in a solution with a volume of 250 L ha -1 . Except for the case of foliar B application, there was an increase in plant height in treatments that received the micronutrient at planting, which differed significantly from the control. However, both sources, independent of solubility, exhibited similar results. The two foliar B applications were sufficient to cause an increase in plant height when compared to treatments without B application at planting, at 21 months. At 24 months after planting, an increase in leaf B was observed in treatments with foliar application. However, this did not improve growth, diameter at breast height (DBH) or timber volume of the eucalyptus clone. Both the application of B at planting (independent of the source used) and the foliar application of the element were sufficient to reduce the symptoms of B deficiency. With respect to the sources used at planting, at a dose of 1 kg ha de 3 x 2, sendo: 0 kg ha -1 de B, 1 kg ha -1 de B utilizando como fonte o ácido bórico (alta solubilidade, 17% B) ou1 kg ha -1 de B utilizando como fonte o borogran (baixa solubilidade, 10% B), aplicados no sulco de plantio, com ou sem aplicações de ácido bórico via foliar na dose de 0,5% de ácido bórico na calda com volume de 250 L ha -1 . Com a omissão de B via foliar houve incremento em altura de plantas nos tratamentos que receberam a aplicação do micronutriente no plantio, diferindo significativamente da testemunha. Porém, ambas as fontes, independente da solubilidade, apresentaram resultados semelhantes. As duas aplicações de B via foliar foram suficientes para que houvesse incremento em altura de plantas, quando comparadas aos tratamentos que não receberam aplicação de B no plantio, aos 21 meses. Aos 24 meses após o plantio foi constatado aumento no teor foliar de B nos tratamentos que receberam aplicação foliar. No entanto, esta não incrementou o crescimento, DAP e volume de madeira do clone de eucalipto. A aplicação de B no plantio, independente da fonte utilizada, ass...

A produção de palha no plantio direto deve ser suficiente para manutenção e sustentabilidade do sistema. O consórcio de milho com forrageiras como cultura antecessora da soja de verão constitui uma alternativa para suprir o aporte anual de palha necessário para manutenção. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a cultura da soja implantada sobre palhada oriunda do consórcio de milho outonal com braquiárias em diferentes profundidades de semeadura, com ênfase para a produtividade de soja. O experimento foi conduzido, em 2009/10, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE), Selvíria/MS, da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (FEIS/UNESP),em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico, textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram na semeadura da soja sobre palhada do consórcio de milho com duas espécies de braquiárias (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú e Urochloa ruziziensis), cujas sementes foram misturadas ao fertilizante do milho e um tratamento testemunha (milho exclusivo) e três profundidades de deposição do fertilizante com sementes dessas forrageiras (8 cm, 10 cm e 16 cm).A produção total de palha foi maior nos consórcios e nas menores profundidades de semeadura das forrageiras. No cultivo da soja a população final e produção de matéria de seca de palha foram maiores sobre a palha proveniente das menores profundidades e a produtividade de grãos não foi significativamente influenciada pela palha dos consórcios e tão pouco pelas profundidades de deposição de adubo e sementes das forrageiras.

Nitrogen (N) is one of the promising nutrients for lawn growth and is required for the lawn’s proper growth and development, but it also increases mowing frequency. Glyphosate herbicide application in sub-doses, as a growth regulator, can reduce the maintenance costs without any adverse reduction in the density and nutritional status of grasses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of nitrogen and glyphosate doses on the growth, aesthetic quality and nutritional status of emerald grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.). The experiment was conducted at the Research and Extension Education Farm of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil, in an Ultisol. The experiment was designed as a randomized block with 12 treatments arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with 4 replications, comprised of a control (without N), 15 and 30 g N m−2 of urea, applied in five splits annually, and glyphosate doses (0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha−1 of the active ingredient, a.i.). The split N fertilization at the rate of 15 g m−2 and glyphosate at the dose of 400 g ha−1 maintained nutritional status of emerald grass. Nitrogen at the rate 15 g N m−2 (in five splits per year) was observed to produce lower growth traits, an adequate aesthetic quality and longer stability of the nutrients in emerald grasses through lower exportation, with removal of “clipping” after mowing. In addition, glyphosate, at the dose of 400 g a.i. ha−1, was efficient in reducing the leaf area, plant height, shoot dry matter and total dry matter by 18.3, 14.7, 6.8 and 8.1%, respectively, as compared to the control. However, this dose did not impair the coloration and resulted in a lower exportation of nutrients by reducing the need to replenish by fertilization. Therefore, fertilization with 15 g N m−2, associated with application of 400 g a.i. ha−1 of glyphosate, is recommended for emerald grass in the tropical savannah of Brazil.