Canola is an important crop in the world market, mainly for its oil being used for human consumption and biodiesel production, being a great economical option for the farmer, which are the reasons to the increase in its cultivation in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of canola hybrids, depending on the sowing dates. The canola hybrids (Hyola 61, Hyola 76, Hyola 411 and Hyola 433) were evaluated in three sowing dates (04/10, 04/25 and 05/10) in the agricultural years of 2013 and 2014, under a randomized complete block design with five replications. The response variables analyzed were seed yield and oil content. Adaptability and stability of the hybrids were evaluated by three methods: Wricke's ecovalence (1962); confidence index (ANNICCHIARICO, 1992) and method of maximum ideal deviation (LIN; BINNS, 1988). The methodology proposed by Wricke (1962) highlighted as stable the hybrids Hyola 61 for seed yield and Hyola 411 for oil content. In the methodology proposed by Lin and Binns (1988) and Annicchiarico (1992), the hybrids with higher general adaptability and stability were Hyola 411 and 433. These hybrids presented the highest means for seed yield and oil content with predictable and responsive behavior to changes in sowing dates tested in the region of Maringá-PR.
Industrial seed treatment assures uniform coverage of seeds with insecticides, fungicides, micronutrients and bioestimulant at precise dose, however often resulting in higher slurry volume. Furthermore, seeds are coated long periods of time prior sowing and may influence germination and vigor. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of seven industrial seed treatments and their respective slurry volumes on the physiological potential of soybean seeds at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of storage. In each storage period, the variables germination, accelerated aging test and emergency speed index were evaluated and studied in the repeated measures in time model. The products used were: fungicide (thiabendazole, fludioxonil and mefenoxam), insecticide (thiametoxam), insecticide/nematicide (abamectin), micronutrients (cobalt and molybdenum), bioregulator, drying powder and polymer. High volumes of seed-coating mixtures reduce the physiological quality of soybean seeds over storage. However, the slurry composition also influenced on the maintenance of the seed germination and vigor throughout the storage.
The aim of the study was to evaluate seed germination and vigor of maize subjected to different products and storage periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot on time. In the plots were distributed nine treatments: an untreated control, one treatment called "standard treatment", with addition of fungicide (fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M) and insecticide (thiamethoxam). From the standard treatment, six treatments with combinations of inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense), micronutrients (nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + copper + iron + manganese + molibdenium) and bioregulator. Lastly, a treatment called "complete treatment" including all products. In subplots the storage periods of zero, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days were evaluated. Seed vigour of maize was reduced by seed treatments and storage. Micronutrients addition resulted in higher fitotoxicity in comparison to the addition of other products, regardless of storage period. The treatment with the combination of fungicide, insecticide and inoculant proved to be feasible, and was the most promising seed treatments. None of the studied treatments affected the germination in up to 45 days of storage, however the complete treatment with 3200 mL .100 kg -1 reduced seed vigour.Potencial fisiológico de sementes de milho submetidas a diferentes tratamentos e períodos de armazenamento RESUMO -O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação e vigor das sementes de milho submetidas a diferentes produtos e períodos de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Na parcela foram distribuídos nove tratamentos: uma testemunha não tratada, um tratamento denominado de "tratamento padrão", com adição de fungicida (fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M) e inseticida (thiamethoxam). A partir do tratamento padrão, seis tratamentos com combinações de inoculante (Azospirillum brasilense), micronutrientes (nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + copper + iron + manganese + molibdenium) e biorregulador. Por fim, um tratamento denominado de "tratamento completo", incluindo todos os produtos. Na subparcela, os períodos de armazenamento 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias foram avaliados. O vigor das sementes de milho foi reduzido pelos tratamentos de sementes e pelo armazenamento. A adição de micronutrientes resultou em maior fitotoxicidade em comparação à adição de outros produtos, independente do período de armazenamento. O uso de fungicida, inseticida e inoculante se mostram viáveis, como os mais promissores tratamentos de sementes. Nenhum dos tratamentos estudados afetaram a germinação até 45 dias de armazenamento, porém o tratamento completo, com 3200 mL. 100 kg -1 reduziu o vigor de sementes.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, tratamento químico, germinação, vigor.1
O tamanho das sementes pode ser um indicativo do potencial fisiológico da mesma, apresentando uma relação direta com a germinação e vigor, entretanto, existe divergência nos resultados encontrados em relação à espécie e cultivar. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fisiológico de duas cultivares de trigo sarraceno (IPR 91-Baili e IPR 92-Altar), em função do tamanho da semente. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterização das cultivares, quanto à porcentagem de sementes retidas em peneiras de 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 e 5,5 mm e em seguida, a construção de um histograma para tomada de decisão sobre quais peneiras utilizar. Após a seleção, as sementes pertencentes ao lote original e as classificadas em peneiras de 3,5; 4,0; 4,5 e 5,0 mm foram submetidas a avaliações de germinação, e vigor (índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e raiz). Constatou-se que o tamanho da semente influenciou a porcentagem de germinação e o vigor das mesmas. A germinação e o vigor das sementes foram maiores quando provenientes da peneira de tamanho 5,0 mm. A cultivar IPR 91-Baili apresentou melhor desempenho, ao produzir plântulas com maior comprimento de raiz em relação a cultivar IPR 92-Altar.
Physalis peruviana L. is a plant that produces small sweet berries of great nutritional and medicinal importance. This plant is propagated mainly through seeds, which requires information on germination response to temperature and light changes. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of different temperatures and light wavelengths on the physiological potential of P. peruviana seed batches. The experiment was conducted with seeds from plants cultivated in 2015/15 and 2016/16. The treatments applied were the following: two germination temperatures (constant temperature of 25 °C and alternated between 20/30 °C), two seed batches (2015/15 and 2016/16), and four forms of light exposure during germination (blue, red, white, and dark). The data were analyzed by principal component analysis using the correlation matrix obtained through the standardized mean equal to zero and variance 1 of the parameters evaluated for each treatment. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix were obtained using the SAS University Edition® statistical software. The analyzed variables were: Germination test performed on the 7th and 28th day considering root protrusion, normal seedlings, shoot length, root length, and total dry matter mass. The data showed that the seed germination test of Physalis peruviana L. should be performed under a constant temperature of 25 °C, in the presence of light (white, blue, or red). When the option is the application of the test in the dark, it is necessary to use a thermoperiod of 20–30 °C to provide the expression of maximum physiological potential.
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