The development of pathogen resistance and the relatively high cost of chemical fungicides dictate the necessity to develop alternative disease control strategies. These strategies include biological methods of plant protection. However, the effectiveness of biological plant protection depends on the biological agent's activity, which strongly depends on external physical factors. The applicant of biological remedies for seed inlay is one of the environmentally safe ways to combat seed and soil infection. However, nowadays, the impact of mechanical means during seed inoculation on the survival of microorganisms remains poorly studied. A laboratory installation has been created that makes it possible to imitate the working process of applying microorganisms to plant seeds during inlay, changing the pressure in the distribution system, the types of sprayers and the temperature of the working composition of the biological product with its further study in order to determine the number of living microorganisms remaining in it after processing. According to the results of the experimental data, graphical dependences were constructed showing the impact of pressure in the sprayer system, the temperature of the biological product and the type of spraying device on the viability of microorganisms. For microorganisms of RECB-50B (based on Bacillus sp.), RECB-14B (based on Pseudomonas putida), RECB-74F (Trichoderma viride) strains, the optimal parameters of the above factors were established during mechanical application of a biological product to the treated seeds: temperature of the working compound is 20 to 25 ºС, the pressure in the biopreparation delivery system is 0.4 MPa, the optimal type of spray nozzle is experimental, adapted for working with biopreparations.
The article discusses the factors affecting the reduction of the energy consumption of feed chopping and the justification of the feed chopper parameters. There is a design and principle of operation of the laboratory setup presented and described. A corn cob chopper with improved chopping quality reduces energy consumption, lowers operating costs and improves feed digestibility.
To solve the problem of final cleaning of grain material from impurities, a pneumatic separator SP-2U-R has been developed, which allows the air flow to separate various weeds from the grain – straw impurities, weed seeds, dust, etc. To remove dust from the exhaust air, a rotary cross-flow dust collector is installed on the pneumatic separator. The novelty of the design and working process of the separator and dust collector is confirmed by patents RU No. 2165313 and No. 2122462, respectively. Theoretical studies of the working process of this dust collector are carried out. The conditions for the allocation of impurities from the dust-air flow: particle impurities with current polar coordinates r and j interacting with the rotor blade and moving through it, is considered to be isolated from the dust-air flow if the distance from the center of rotation will be r³R, and is achieved in the angular sector φ=φвых£φmax, where φвых=φо+ω·tвых, and Smax the largest distance traveled by a particle to the center of the rotor does not exceed the length of rotor blades: Smax £ l. The mathematical model of the trajectory of the particles of impurities relative to the rotor blades of a dust collector depending on its parameters: Dн - outer diameter, l - length of the blade, z - number of rotor blades, φо - the angle of the beginning of interaction of the impurity with a shovel, f - coefficient of friction of the particles on the blades, kп - coefficient of sail particles of impurities, V - speed dusty flow, n - frequency of rotation of the rotor, – it allows to evaluate the efficiency of dust collection at the early stages of research, as well as to develop design documentation for a device with pre-known operational characteristics
The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of irrigation of crops cultivated in agriculture. Precise irrigation is an effective solution to irrigation problems. The methods and means of intellectual irrigation, based on sensors that monitor soil moisture and provide signals to the irrigation control solenoid valve, are described. A block diagram of an automatic drip irrigation system is described. For the experiment, five different types of droppers (A, B, C, D, and E) were used Rivulis Eurodrip brand, three of which are droppers with pressure compensation and two are the droppers without pressure compensation. Three parameters were used to study the characteristics of droppers: flow uniformity; volumetric water flow depending on the inlet pressure; determination of the dropper constant and the volume flow exponent. Droppers were tested at three pressures in the system: 0.05, 0.2 and 0.35 MPa. At each pressure value, the experiment was performed in triplicate. The process of calibrating humidity sensors is described. An analysis is made of the effect of soil moisture on the electrical resistance of the sensor for various types of soils. It is recommended that moisture sensors be calibrated to local soil and water conditions.
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