IntroductionEducative strategies need to be adopted to encourage the consumption of healthy foods and to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence. The effects of recreational physical activity and a health-habit orientation program using an illustrated diary on the cardiovascular risk profile of overweight and obese children was investigated.MethodsThe weight and height of 314 schoolchildren aged between 9 and 11 years old, in a public school in Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil, were recorded. According to the body mass index (BMI) classification proposed by the World Health Organization, 84 were overweight or obese for their age and sex. Of these children, 34 (40%) participated in the study. Students were divided into two groups matched for sex, age, BMI, percent body fat (%BF): the intervention group (IG, n = 17) and the control group (CG, n = 17). The IG underwent a program of 10 weeks of exercise with recreational activities and health-habit orientation using an illustrated diary of habits, while no such interventions were used with the CG during the study period. Before and after the intervention, the children’s weight, height, BMI, %BF, waist circumference (WC), maximum oxygen intake (VO2max), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, glucose, eating habits, and physical activity level (PAL) were assessed. In analyzing the data, we used descriptive statistics and paired and unpaired t-tests, using a significance level of 0.05. For assessment of dietary habits, a questionnaire, contingency tables, and the chi-squared test were used, with <0.05 set as the significance level.ResultsAfter 10 weeks of intervention, the IG showed a reduction in BMI (pre: 22.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2 versus [vs] post: 21.6 ± 2.1 kg/m2, P < 0.01); WC (pre: 70.1 ± 6.1 cm vs post: 69.1 ± 5.8 cm, P < 0.01); %BF (pre: 29.2% ± 4.6% vs post: 28.0% ± 4.8%, P < 0.01); systolic blood pressure (P < 0.01); VO2max (P = 0.014); TC (P < 0.01); LDL (P < 0.01); triglycerides (P < 0.01); and intake of candy (P < 0.01) and soda drinks (P < 0.01), while an increase in the consumption of fruit (P < 0.01) and PAL (P < 0.01) were observed. The CG did not show any change in the health parameters assessed.ConclusionThe program was effective in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the use of an illustrative diary may have been the key to this result, since students were motivated to change their poor eating habits and to increase their physical activity level.

Abstract--This study investigated the efficacy of using a diary to record daily routines, combined with guidance on healthy lifestyle (GHL) by a physical educator, on promoting changes in health parameters in children. Sixty-three children (10 ± 0.8 years) were allocated to one of the three following groups: a control group (CON, n = 18); a group that did not use the diary, but received GHL (G, n = 23); or a group that both used the diary and received GHL (DG, n = 22). Blood pressure, body composition, physical fitness tests (PF), physical activity levels (PAL), and dietary intake profiles were assessed in children and their parents before and after 2 months of intervention. The DG group improved their performance in PF, increased PAL, and reduced body fat (p < 0.05). Additionally, 56% of families from both DG and G reduced their consumption of unhealthy foods and 70,6% increased their consumption of healthy foods. Overall, it was concluded that 2 months of using a diary to record daily routines combined with GHL by a physical educator improved PAL, PF, body composition, and dietary intake profiles of children and their families.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: We determined the degree of risk produced by the association of other surgical procedures with surgical myocardial revascularization in octogenarian patients and identified the risk factors that best explain hospital mortality. METHODS: This study was an observational analytical historical cohort study involving octogenarians operated on at our institution between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2005. We stratified the objective population as follows: Group 1 comprised octogenarians revascularized without associated procedures, and Group 2 comprised octogenarians revascularized with associated procedures. Statistical analyses included the t test for independent samples and multiple logistic regression analysis. Significance was accepted with an alpha error of 5%. RESULTS: Univariate analyses revealed the following clinical and statistically significant variables: hospital mortality (P=0.002), diabetes mellitus (P=0.017), preoperative endocarditis (P=0.001), cardiogenic shock (P=0.019), use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (P=0.026), preoperative risk score (Parsonnet), P<0.001, procedure associated with revascularization (P<0.001), medium number of affected coronary arteries (P<0.001), use of extracorporeal circulation (P<0.001), time of extracorporeal circulation (P<0.001), number of distal anastomoses (P=0.002), graft type (P<0.001), postoperative breathing support (P<0.001), stroke (P<0.001), infection (P=0.002), creatinine level (P=0.018), and quality of life score (P=0.050). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: In octogenarian patients, the need for a procedure associated with surgical myocardial revascularization produces an absolute increase in hospital mortality risk of 45%. The variables that contributed to hospital mortality were preoperative endocarditis, preoperative cardiogenic shock, the use of extracorporeal circulation, the length of time of extracorporeal circulation, postoperative creatinine level, and postoperative need for prolonged respiratory support

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Introduction: Activity breaks or physical exercise interventions in schools are linked to better cognitive function in adolescents. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between physical exercise and cognition in rural schools, where drop-out levels tend to be higher and academic achievement lower. Objective: To analyze the effects of a physical exercise class (PE) on subsequent academic performance of students, and how they felt during mathematics (MATH) and Portuguese language (PL) tests. Methods: Thirty-six students (14.9 ± 1.5 years) randomly carried out 30 min of PE, performed at 74.3 ± 11.8%HRmax, while a control group (CON) remained seated watching a movie, prior to the tests (PE-MATH; PE-PL; CON-MATH; CON-PL). Results: The PE-MATH group presented higher scores (5.3 ± 2.2) than the CON-MATH group (4.0 ± 2.2). The tests were completed more quickly in PE-PL (7.8 ± 3.3 minutes) than in CON-PL (10.5 ± 4.2 minutes). The number of correct answer per minute was higher in PE-MATH and PE-PL (0.52 ± 0.25; 0.64 ± 0.51) than in CON-MATH and CON-PL (0.35 ± 0.19; 0.41 ± 0.41). Furthermore, 38.9% of PE-MATH felt more focused during the test, while only 16.7% of CON-MATH felt more focused. During the Portuguese language test, 27.8% of CON-PL complained of greater apprehensiveness, compared to 8.3% for PE-PL. Also, 36.1% reported feeling fatigued during PL after PE, compared to 8.3% in the CON-PL group. Conclusions: PE improved the adolescents' academic performance. Despite feeling fatigue, more students who performed physical exercise felt less apprehensive and more focused during the tests after PE. Level of evidence I; STARD: studies of diagnostic accuracy.

Rev Bras Educ Fís Esporte, (São Paulo) 2016 Abr-Jun; 30(2): 245-53 • 245 Effects of the alternance between aerobic and resistance exercise IntroductionEffects of the alternance between aerobic and resistance exercise in different concurrent exercise sessions on blood pressure responses of healthy adults: a controlled and randomized study CDD. 20.ed. 796 Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown the bene ts of exercise to the cardiovascular system and total health [1][2][3][4] . is bene c cardiovascular e ect is related to the decrease of blood pressure, after performing an exercise session, to values lower than when at rest. A phenomenon named post-exercise hypotension (PEH) [5][6][7] , which can help to control and maintain blood pressure at normal levels [8][9][10] . It is known that sedentary behaviors, among other factors, are related to the development of hypertension. In Brazil, for instance, only 33.8% of the young adults are physically active, and approximately 24.1% of this population already present hypertension 11 .In this scenario, exercise appears as an alternative to the prevention and development of cardiovascular diseases, being considered a low cost, nonpharmacological intervention 12 which can be performed by individuals in every age group 13 . Several authors have reported the presence of PEH after one session of aerobic (AE) and resistance (RE) exercise [8][9][10] . However, there is more evidence of PEH after AE when compared to RE, since AE promotes a PEH of higher magnitude and duration 14 . Nonetheless, there is still little evidence on the e ect of the combination of AE and RE on blood pressure, being this combination named concurrent exercise (CE) 14 . AbstractAerobic exercise (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) have shown benefi ts in preventing and / or controlling blood pressure (BP), although the infl uences of these two models (concurrent exercise) in a single session of exercise on BP are still unknown to the individual. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the effects of the alternating between AE and RE in different concurrent exercise sessions on BP responses. In order to do so, ten young male athletes (22.6 ± 3.78 years, 70.3 ± 5.89 kg, 175.96 ± 5.83 cm, 6.8 ± 2.38 % body fat) participated in the study. The tests consisted of four randomized protocols, the sessions consisted of AE followed by RE (AR), RE followed by AE (RA), circuit (CC) (ER and EA alternating intermittently) and control session (CO) (without exercise). AE was performed on a treadmill at 90% of indirect minimum lactate and RE was performed on a circuit at 90% of 12 RM, alternating muscle segments in six exercises. BP was measured in all protocols and post-exercise recovery period (PERP) every 15 minutes during one hour. Results showed a signifi cant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the 45th minute of recovery (R45) and one-hour mean values of the PERP in the RA protocol when compared to its value at rest. Diastolic and mean BP showed no signifi cant differences. Thus, the RA...