A methanogenic organism, designated strain HB-1 T , from the domain Archaea was isolated from groundwater sampled from a subsurface Miocene formation located in Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan. The strain grew on methanol, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylsulfide and acetate but not on monomethylamine, H 2 /CO 2 , formate, 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, irregular cocci that were 1.4-2.9 mm in diameter and occurred singly or in pairs. The strain grew at 20-42 6C (optimum 37 6C), at pH 6.0-7.75 (optimum pH 7.0-7.25) and in 0-0.35 M NaCl (optimum 0.1 M). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.4 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain was a member of the genus Methanosarcina but that it clearly differed from all recognized species of this genus (93.1-97.9 % sequence similarity). The phenotypic and phylogenetic features of strain HB-1 T indicate that it represents a novel species of the genus Methanosarcina, for which the name Methanosarcina horonobensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB-1 T (5DSM 21571 T 5JCM 15518 T 5NBRC 102577 T ).
Thermoflexus hugenholtzii gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, microaerophilic, filamentous bacterium representing a novel class in the Chloroflexi, Thermoflexia classis nov., and description of Thermoflexaceae fam. nov. and Thermoflexales ord. nov. The description of Thermoflexales ord. nov. erroneously gives the family Thermoflexaceae as the nomenclatural type. The nomenclatural type of the new order is the genus Thermoflexus. The etymology of Thermoflexia class. nov. erroneously gives Thermoflexus as the type genus of the class and the order Thermoflexales as the type order in the circumscription. The correct nomenclatural type of the new class is the order Thermoflexales.
This paper reports the dry sliding wear behavior & Brinell hardness test of AA 5083 aluminium reinforced with SiC particles fabricated by stir casting technique. Different volume fraction of SiC particles (3, 5 and 7 wt%) were used for synthesis. The wear test has been conducted on pin-on-disc testing machine to examine the wear behaviour of the aluminium alloy and its composites. An attempt has been made to study the influence of wear parameters like applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance and percentage of reinforcement on the dry sliding wear of metal matrix composites (MMCs). A plan of experiments, based on the techniques of Taguchi, was performed to acquire data in controlled way. An orthogonal array of L 9 (3 4) and signal to noise ratios as smaller the better was selected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to investigate the influence of wear parameter on pin of aluminium MMCs. The correlation was obtained by multiple general regressions model. Finally, conformation tests were done to make a comparison between the experimental results foreseen from the mentioned correlation.
To determine the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial community structure and abundance in the small and steep rivers typically present in Japan, bacterial populations in two rivers, the Yodo River and Kita River, were investigated using a DNA microarray technique. A total of 24 river water samples seasonally collected from four stations in the Yodo River and two stations in the Kita River were analyzed by an oligonucleotide DNA microarray targeting the conserved region of 16S rDNA in 1016 bacterial species. The phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial groups in the river water samples investigated, and alpha-Proteobacteria appeared to be the most dominant among the Proteobacteria. Overall diversity, composition and shifts in the bacterial communities depended mainly on the season. Pollution level (as indicated by nutrient concentration) and specific bacterial sources, such as effluent from wastewater treatment plants and backflow of seawater, also appeared to influence bacterial community structure in these small, fast-flowing rivers.
The correlation between the RSIs of the 30 probes detected in two or more samples in spring, summer, or winter (shown in boldface in Table 3) and the relative total coliform count was assessed. The RSI of 18 probes increased with the relative total coliform count (e.g., Fig. 4 A-C). In contrast, the remaining 12 probes corresponding to 11 pathogenic bacteria did not show a positive correlation with the relative total coliform count (e.g., Fig. 4 D-F).
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