The objectives of this study was to evaluate a potential role for natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene in the human homologue using four single base pair polymorphisms (D543N, 3’UTR, INT4, 274C/T) for susceptibility to tuberculosis infection in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study population were 69 lung tuberculosis patients and 43 healthy nurses were genotyped with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the product amplified from their genomic DNA were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion (RFLP) and were analysed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results of this study showed only the homozygous TGTG deletion allele at the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene i.e. the TGTGdel/del genotype was more frequently found in lung tuberculosis patients (20/69=29%) compared to that found in nurses (2/43=4.7%). The Odds ratios (ORs) were 8.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85 to 37.94; p=0.002). This finding shows that polymorphism 3’UTR of NRAMP1 gene increased the risk of lung tuberculosis in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. It is estimated thatmore than 140 million people worldwide are currently suffering from diabetes, and by 2025, anestimated more than 300 million people will suffer from the disease. The purpose of this study was toevaluate the correlation of cholesterol with the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus disease. The type of thisresearch is observational with cross-sectional analytic approach and done in PLN employees, total are112 people of which are mens. All participants underwent biochemical analysis of fasting blood sugar(BSN) and 2 hours PP (post prandial), and total cholesterol level test. Determination of glucose byglucose oxidase method and cholesterol level by CHOD-PAP method. The mean results in normalcholesterol (< 200 mg/dl) obtained BSN = 73 mg / dl, 2 Hours PP = 92 mg / dl, and in abnormalcholesterol (> 200 mg/dl) mean BSN = 81 mg / dl, 2 hours PP = 109 mg / dl, in independent T test withp = 0001 in both groups of different cholesterol levels. Results of the Pearson's correlation test, therewas a significant positive correlation between GDP and cholesterol levels (r = 0.262, p = 0.005), and 2hours PP and cholesterol levels (r = 0.258, p = 0.006). Conclusions: There was a significant positivecorrelation between 2 hours PP and cholesterol levels. This study shows there is a correlation ofcholesterol levels that develop diabetes mellitus type 2.

Background: In Indonesia has four serotypes, the DEN-1,

Pencegahan virus COVID-19 dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan mengkonsumsi pangan fungsional salah satunya yaitu yogurt. Susu kambing memiliki rasa yang kurang disukai sehingga dengan diolah menjadi yogurt dan penambahan sari kurma dapat lebih disukai. Di sisi lain, susu kambing dan kurma memiliki kandungan besi yang tinggi. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu susu kambing segar, bakteri asam laktat, kurma ajwa, dan sari kurma. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar aktivitas antioksidan adalah IC50 (Inhibition Concentration 50 Value), kadar besi (Fe) yaitu spektrofotometer UV – Vis, dan nilai pH menggunakan PH-meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yogurt susu kambing dengan penambahan sari kurma memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang sangat lemah berdasarkan metode analisis antioksidan IC50. Ada perbedaan signifikan kadar besi pada yogurt susu kambing dengan penambahan sari kurma ajwa dengan nilai paling tinggi (5,7827 mg/100g) bila dibandingkan dengan yogurt susu kambing dengan penambahan sari kurma komersial (5,2351 mg/100g), yogurt susu kambing (4,4348 mg/100g) dan yogurt susu sapi (3,6839 mg/100g). Terdapat perbedaan nilai pH pada yogurt susu sapi dan yogurt susu kambing namun perbedaan tidak berbeda nyata pada yogurt dengan penambahan sari kurma ajwa dan komersial.

Health is one of the most important factors besides education and income. Everyone has the same human rights to get good health services. A government agency that functions to serve all people who need medical services in Indonesia, namely the puskesmas. Ujung Batu Health Center which is located in Ujung Batu sub-district, Rokan Hulu Regency as one of the government agencies. The Ujung Batu health center stores patient medical record data, only sorting out the disease. Therefore, the medical record data needs to be processed using clustering or grouping using the K-Means method. This algorithm partitions the data into clusters so that data with the same characteristics are grouped into the same cluster and data with different characteristics are grouped. into another cluster. The data used consisted of 3875 records and 5 attributes, namely Gender, Participant Type, Diagnosis, Return Status, Address. From the test using the K-means algorithm, the clustering results show that cluster 1 has 710 data while cluster 2 has 3165 data. The results of the study show that the use of 2 clusters is the best cluster with a Silhouette Coefficient value showing results with a SC value of 0.646.

Background: Introduction. Menopause is a critical process that every woman will experience. Decreased function of female organs occurs because they cannot produce the hormones esterogen and progesterone, causing psychological and physiological symptoms. One of the physiological symptoms is sleep quality disorders, which if not handled properly will cause decreased concentratio, anxiety and stress. Pharmacological and non pharmacological theraphy to help postmenopausal women reduce their sleep disorders. The study aimed to determine the effect of combination therapy of progressive muscle relaxation and nature sound music therapy on sleep quality in postmenopause Methods: Quasy-Experiment research design. Population is menopause with a total of 220 people. The sample size is 102 respondents, the sampling is simple random sampling. The treatment group in combination therapy of progressive musc;e relaxation and nature sound music therapy 15-20 minutes; the control group was not given any intervention. The wariavle studied was the value of sleep quality obtained from the results of the questionaire(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). The analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Test for pre and post treatment and the Mann-Whitney test to determine the difference between the experimental group and the control group with a significant α <0,05. Results: The results of the sleep quality analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, p value 0,000 in the treatment group and p value 0,215 in the control group. The results of the analysis using the Mann-Whitney test obtained a p value  of 0,000 on the value of sleep quality between the treatment group and the control group Conclusion: Combination therapy of progressive muscle relaxation and nature sound music therapy is effective for reducing the value of sleep quality disorders in menopausa women, ang this technique is easy to do, so it Can be applied as a nursing intervention at the puskesmas for the development of nursing knowledge in services

This study aims at determining the normal flora of Streptococcus sp., the inhabitants of the oral cavity in the tartar that can lead to health problems. This study is an observational study with cross sectional analytic approach performed on 47 samples of dental smear for Streptococcus sp. bacteria identification and EDTA blood samples for Hemoglobin level examination, hematocrit percent, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in University of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya students. The result of Independent Samples T Test data analysis in a cut point showed that the levels of hemoglobin, number of leukocytes and platelets look significantly different with p <0.05 in individuals with normal flora Streptococcus alpha and Streptococcus gamma. The conclusion in this study, in individuals with normal flora Streptococcus alpha, can decrease hemoglobin level, whereas in individuals with normal flora Streptococcus gamma can increase the number of leukocytes and decrease the number of platelets.

Early diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is very important in reducing complications. HbA1c has been recommended as a diagnosis of diabetes in the guidelines for clinical practice as a determination of type 2 diabetes in 2011 by WHO, but is there a significant relationship between HBA1c and fasting blood glucose levels (GDP) in a person after being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. In this study, the relationship between HbA1c and GDP levels was assessed through observational cross-sectional analytic based studies. The research method uses a large sample selected through the GDP test (> 125 mg / dl) of 17 people (5 men and 12 women). Statistical analysis of the test of the relationship between the HbA1c results and GDP with the Pearson Correlation, Crosstabs, and independent T test to determine the relationship of sex with GDP and HBA1c. The results of the study, there was a significant relationship between levels of GDP with HBA1c with p = 0.002, where the incidence of GDP (> 125 mg / dl) in men was 17.7% and women were 52.9%, while the results of HBA1c (> 6.5 %) in men 23.5% and women 52.9%. In conclusion, the results of HBA1c (> 6.5%) can be used for diagnosis of DM, whereas the level of GDP is only to know that people with diabetes have changed their lifestyle or not, and it is found that women are more easily change lifestyles than men, due to GDP results (<125 mg / dl) of 11.8% higher than the HBA1c yield (<6.5%) of 5.9%.