Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) describe a group of rare muscle diseases typically presenting an abnormal positioning of nuclei in muscle fibers. To date, three genes are known to be associated to a classical CNM phenotype. The X-linked neonatal form (XLCNM) is due to mutations in MTM1 and involves a severe and generalized muscle weakness at birth. The autosomal dominant form results from DNM2 mutations and has been described with early childhood and adult onset (ADCNM). Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy (ARCNM) is less characterized and has recently been associated to mutations in BIN1, encoding amphiphysin 2. Here we present the first clinical description of intrafamilal variability in two first-degree cousins with a novel BIN1 stop mutation. In addition to skeletal muscle defects, both patients have mild mental retardation and the more severely affected male also displays abnormal ventilation and cardiac arrhythmia, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of BIN1-related CNM to non skeletal muscle defects. We provide an up-to-date review of all previous cases with ARCNM and BIN1 mutations.

Sildenafil can be used as a supporting factor in wound healing.

Our findings show that resveratrol may have a beneficial effect on incisional wound healing.

The effects of iloprost on ischemia-reperfusion injury have been studied on the skeletal, muscle, liver, myocardium, kidney, and spinal cord. However, no sufficient data exist about effects of levosimendan on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate and compare effectiveness of levosimendan and iloprost on renal injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Fifty rabbits were divided into five groups. Levosimendan was continuously infused starting half an hour before the cross-clamp. Cross-clamp time was one hour. After one hour ischemia, levosimendan was continued for 4 h in Group A whereas Group B took iloprost in the same protocol. Group C was the control group which did not receive any medication. Group D was sham group and Group E was medicated both iloprost and levosimendan. Renal tissues were histologically and biochemically evaluated. The histological scores were obtained according to presence of tubular necrosis and atrophy, regenerative atypia, hydropic degeneration (Group A vs. Group C<0.001, Group B vs. Group C<0.001, Group D vs. Group C<0.01, Group E vs. Group C<0.001). Mean malondialdehyde levels were 114+/-12 nmol/g tissue; in Group A 121+/-13 nmol/g tissue, in Group B 134+/-13 nmol/g tissue, in Group E 130+/-11 nmol/g tissue, in Group D 134+/-11 nmol/g tissue (Group A vs. Group B; P=0.003, Group B vs. Group D; P=0.132, Group A vs. Group E; P=0.132). Malondialdehyde levels and histologic scores of all of the groups were significantly different from the control group. Iloprost and pentoxyfillin reduced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit model. There was no significant difference between these two medications.

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Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare iloprost and levosimendan on spinal cord ischemia in an experimental model. Materials and Methods: The study was done in two stages. For the 4-hour short survival study, 50 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into five groups. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by clamping the aorta just below the left renal artery and just proximal to the aortic bifurcation with bulldog artery clamps. The aortic clamps were removed after 40 min and restoration of blood flow was verified visually. The groups were analyzed at 1 and 4 h after reperfusion. For the 48-hour survival study, two different groups (iloprost plus levosimendan, n = 10; saline-treated controls, n = 10) were analyzed at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. Results: The neurologic status of the animals in the treatment and sham groups was better than that in the control group both at 1 and 4 h after reperfusion. Viability index values in the levosimendan, iloprost and iloprost plus levosimendan groups were statistically higher than in the control group indicating less or no neuronal damage. Discussion: The results suggest that levosimendan, as well as iloprost, may reduce ischemic damage in transient spinal ischemia and provide better neurologic outcome.

Sucralfate has an inhibitory effect on stricture formation in experimental corrosive burns and can be used in the treatment of corrosive esophageal burns to enhance mucosal healing and suppress stricture formation.

The effects of cinnamon bark and olive leaf have been investigated on streptozotocin-induced tissue injury, and some biochemical and haematological changes in rats. The effects on glycaemia were also evaluated. Long-term administration of olive leaf caused significant improvement in tissue injury induced by streptozotocin treatment; the effect of cinnamon bark was less extent. No effects on blood glucose levels were detected. However, significant decreases in some increased biochemical and haematological parameters of streptozotocin-treated rats were observed. Aspartate aminotransferase, urea and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased by treatment with both plant materials, and alanine aminotransferase by treatment with olive leaf. Cinnamon bark also caused a significant decrease in platelet counts. In addition, any visible toxicity, except decrease in body weight gain, attributable to the long-term use of plant materials was not established in normal rats. The data indicate that long-term use of olive leaf and cinnamon bark may provide benefit against diabetic conditions. Determination of underlying mechanism(s) of beneficial effects, toxicity to other systems and clinical assessments of related plant materials are major topics requiring further studies.