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The effects of iloprost on ischemia-reperfusion injury have been studied on the skeletal, muscle, liver, myocardium, kidney, and spinal cord. However, no sufficient data exist about effects of levosimendan on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate and compare effectiveness of levosimendan and iloprost on renal injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Fifty rabbits were divided into five groups. Levosimendan was continuously infused starting half an hour before the cross-clamp. Cross-clamp time was one hour. After one hour ischemia, levosimendan was continued for 4 h in Group A whereas Group B took iloprost in the same protocol. Group C was the control group which did not receive any medication. Group D was sham group and Group E was medicated both iloprost and levosimendan. Renal tissues were histologically and biochemically evaluated. The histological scores were obtained according to presence of tubular necrosis and atrophy, regenerative atypia, hydropic degeneration (Group A vs. Group C<0.001, Group B vs. Group C<0.001, Group D vs. Group C<0.01, Group E vs. Group C<0.001). Mean malondialdehyde levels were 114+/-12 nmol/g tissue; in Group A 121+/-13 nmol/g tissue, in Group B 134+/-13 nmol/g tissue, in Group E 130+/-11 nmol/g tissue, in Group D 134+/-11 nmol/g tissue (Group A vs. Group B; P=0.003, Group B vs. Group D; P=0.132, Group A vs. Group E; P=0.132). Malondialdehyde levels and histologic scores of all of the groups were significantly different from the control group. Iloprost and pentoxyfillin reduced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit model. There was no significant difference between these two medications.

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Patch closure of the ventricular septal rupture with an infarct-exclusion technique provided acceptable results. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting might be beneficial to control additional risk of an associated coronary artery lesion. Prompt diagnosis followed by early surgical intervention is essential for patients with ventricular septal rupture.

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