Purpose:The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the remineralizing potential of dentifrices containing nanohydroxyapatite, fluoride, and bioactive glass with and without fluoride on enamel by assessing the enamel surface microhardness the enamel structural and elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). Methods: Sound extracted third molars were divided into 5 groups. Group A (n=15): Hydroxyapatite toothpaste (Karex) was used to treat the teeth; Group B (n=15): teeth were treated with Hydroxyapatite and Fluoride containing toothpaste (Apacare); Group C (n=15): teeth were treated with ChloroCalcium Phosphosilicate containing toothpaste (Biomin C); Group D (n=15): teeth were treated with FluoroCalcium Phosphosilicate containing toothpaste (Biomin F); negative control group (n=15): teeth not subjected to any treatment. All teeth (experimental and negative control groups). After 2 weeks of the dynamic pH-cycling; 10 teeth of each group were subjected to microhardness assessment, while 5 teeth of each group were subjected to EDX Analysis. Results: After 2 weeks of pH-cycling, all experimental groups (A, B, C, and D) showed a percent increase of enamel surface microhardness. Group D reported the highest percent increase (15.07%) while teeth that were not subjected to any treatment (negative control group) showed a percent decrease (-15.7%). Fluoride and calcium ions recorded a significantly higher percent increase in group D, while a significantly lower value was recorded in the control group. Conclusion: All the experimental toothpaste had the potential to remineralize enamel surface subjected to dynamic pH-cycling, but the incorporation of fluoride with the bioactive glass technology as in Biomin F toothpaste had the maximum effect on the demineralized enamel surface.
Objective: This in-vitro study evaluated the remineralizing effect of nano-pearl and nano-seashell incorporated into fluoride-based pits-and-fissures sealants by assessing the enamel surface microhardness and the enamel elemental analysis. Materials and Methods: 75 extracted third molars were randomly allocated to one of the following 5 groups of fluoride containing sealant: 10% nano-pearl; 15% nano-pearl; 10% nano-seashell; 15% nano-seashell; or plain fluoride containing sealant. After 2 weeks of dynamic pH-cycling using Pepsi as demineralizing solution; 10 molars of each group were subjected to microhardness assessment, while 5 molars of each group were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis. Results: Teeth treated with 15% nano-pearl reported the highest percentage increase (20.5%) while teeth treated with plain fluoride containing sealant showed a percentage decrease (-11.62 %). The XRD pattern results confirmed the presence of aragonite and calcite polymorphs of CaCO3 in nano-pearl powder and the presence of aragonite in nano-seashell powder. Calcium ions recorded a significantly higher value in the groups treated with 10% and 15% nano-pearl incorporated pits and fissure sealant.
Conclusion:The incorporation of 10 % and 15 % nano-pearl and nano-seashell particles into fluoride-based pits and fissure sealant significantly improved the enamel surface microhardness as well as the enamel mineral content.
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