Remineralization Efficiency of Different Toothpastes on Human Enamel Subjected to Acid Challenge: in Vitro Study

Abstract

Purpose:The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the remineralizing potential of dentifrices containing nanohydroxyapatite, fluoride, and bioactive glass with and without fluoride on enamel by assessing the enamel surface microhardness the enamel structural and elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). Methods: Sound extracted third molars were divided into 5 groups. Group A (n=15): Hydroxyapatite toothpaste (Karex) was used to treat the teeth; Group B (n=15): teeth were treated with Hydroxyapatite and Fluoride containing toothpaste (Apacare); Group C (n=15): teeth were treated with ChloroCalcium Phosphosilicate containing toothpaste (Biomin C); Group D (n=15): teeth were treated with FluoroCalcium Phosphosilicate containing toothpaste (Biomin F); negative control group (n=15): teeth not subjected to any treatment. All teeth (experimental and negative control groups). After 2 weeks of the dynamic pH-cycling; 10 teeth of each group were subjected to microhardness assessment, while 5 teeth of each group were subjected to EDX Analysis. Results: After 2 weeks of pH-cycling, all experimental groups (A, B, C, and D) showed a percent increase of enamel surface microhardness. Group D reported the highest percent increase (15.07%) while teeth that were not subjected to any treatment (negative control group) showed a percent decrease (-15.7%). Fluoride and calcium ions recorded a significantly higher percent increase in group D, while a significantly lower value was recorded in the control group. Conclusion: All the experimental toothpaste had the potential to remineralize enamel surface subjected to dynamic pH-cycling, but the incorporation of fluoride with the bioactive glass technology as in Biomin F toothpaste had the maximum effect on the demineralized enamel surface.

Comparing the Effect of Activated Charcoal Whitening Agents against Regular Whitening Toothpastes on the Enamel Surface of Premolar Teeth: In vitro Study

“…Although the previous study's [19], design was dissimilar to ours, the correlation that they observed could explain our results. In our study, the groups that showed increase in Ca and P also showed increase in micro-hardness and deposition of precipitates in SEM.…”

“…Another study [19] observed a correlation between the SEM, EDXA analysis, and micro-hardness results. Increased micro-hardness corresponded to increase in mineral content which, in turn, results in SEM image with deposition of minerals and decrease in pore volume.…”

Effect of Biomin F Toothpaste and Diode Laser on Remineralization of White Spot Lesions (In Vitro Study)

“…The sample size estimate was calculated based on an invitro study by Aidaros et al (2022) [15] that aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralizing potential of dentifrices containing uoride and bioactive glass on enamel by assessing the enamel structure and elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). During sample size calculation, a beta error of up to 20% is accepted, with a study power of 80%.…”

“…Then it was stored in arti cial saliva to mimic oral environment. This procedure was repeated for two weeks (Table 1) [15,20].…”

“…The consistent use of toothpaste containing uoride necessitates a signi cant presence of bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions alongside uoride ions. [15] Furthermore, uoride exhibits diminished effectiveness when pH level drops below 4.5, a situation often instigated by bacterial actions [16].…”